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A SYLLABUS 

OF 

OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY: 

OUTLINES AND LITERATURE, 

WITH AN 

gntrodttctory ireatm^tit of §i6Wfal (Sfograpftg, 

/ 

\ ^T- B Y 

IRA M. PRICE, Ph.D., Leipsic, 

PKFOESSOR OF HEBREW AND THE COGNATE LANGUAGES IN THE THEOLOGICAL 
^ SEMINARY, MORGAN PARK, CHICAGO. 






Give dili^^ence to present thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth tiot 
to be ashamed, handUng aright the word of truth. — 2 TlM. ii. 15 



: : 3f lemlng 1b* IRcvcll : : 

New York : | Chicago : 

12 BIBLE house, ASTOR PLACE. | 148 AND 150 MADISON STREET. 

ss publtsber of iSvangelical Xiteraturc = 



\^ 




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A 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1890, by 

FLEMING H. REVELL, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



Co t§e €fd00e0 

WHICH HAVE PURSUED, DURING THE PAST FOUR YEARS, 

WITH SO MUCH INTEREST AND ENTHUSIASM, 

THE STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL 

PORTION OF 

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 
THE AUTHOR. 



PREFACE. 



We have reached a new era in Bible study. Old plans 
and methods of work are giving place to the new. The 
old material of the Bible has become enriched by the 
wealth of antiquity. The nations of the Orient are rising 
from their slumbers. The voices of peoples, old when 
the first word of the Old Testament was penned, are 
heard in the East. Their testimony is essential to any 
correct estimate of those times. In fact, the field of study 
has so enlarged and expanded that the old text -book 
method of studying Old Testament History must be 
superseded by one more stimulating and comprehensive. 
The student should be turned loose in the luxuriant fields 
of modern investigation and discovery. He should pro- 
duce his picture of ^ Old Testament History filled with all 
the events of contemporaneous peoples. This Syllabus 
aims to furnish a practical compendium and plan of work 
to accomplish just this end. It is designed as a new text- 
book for use in Seminaries, Colleges, Academies and 
Training Schools. The Bible narrative alone can be 
studied, or in addition thereto any prescribed amount 
of outside reading done. The option of teacher or stu- 
dent can be followed. 

The plan of work is very simple. Before one attempts 
to study the Old Testament he should have some definite 



vi OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

knowledge of the lands of the Bible. The barest external 
facts respecting the chief book to be studied should be 
made familiar. And the section of history to be analyzed 
and synchronized must be divided into periods pos- 
sessing characteristics all their own. Hence the Intro- 
duction takes up and studies Biblical Geography, gives 
some of the simplest chronological facts about the Old 
Testament, and divides the history to be treated into 
twelve periods, or epochs, each possessing peculiarities 
its own. 

The body of the book presents these periods divided 
into sections, the sections into paragraphs, the paragraphs 
into sub-heads, etc. This analysis does not claim perfec- 
tion. Its degree of detail is not everywhere uniform. 
The demands of the narrative are not everywhere the 
same, so that no one method has been pursued to monot- 
ony. The whole aims to be an orderly and convenient 
arrangement and classification of the most important facts 
in Old Testament History. It will serve as a basis, or 
starting -point, for supplemental reading on the part of the 
student. 

Questions of criticism and chronology are, for the most, 
purposely omitted. At this stage of the study they would 
prove to be only a source of confusion. The literature 
referred to is generally that which should be most access- 
ible to the ordinary student. Josephus' Antiquities, how- 
ever, should be read alongside the corresponding Bible 



PREFACE. vii 

account. All this cited literature is barely an introduction 
to the vast field now open to the student of Old Testa- 
ment History. 

These outlines are not expository in the ordinary sense 
of that term. They are intended to lead the student 
along the line of the facts. He familiarizes himself with 
the Old Testament narrative, and with all the new light 
shed on its pages by contemporaneous history and modern 
discovery and research. This is just the point at which 
most Bible students are deficient. Moralize and allegorize 
they can, easily. But to give and explain the Bible facts 
accurately, and in order, is a rare ability. Some of the 
prevalent erroneous and disastrous allegorizing methods of 
our day will meet their doom when their advocates and 
employers become grounded in a knowledge of the histor- 
ical setting of the Old Testament. As soon as the careful 
and devoted student has mastered the events and the 
facts, the impulses and the motives and the moral at the 
bottom of these facts readily appear, the lessons and 
teachings, thus concretely expressed, present themselves 
with a vividness and force never before conceived. 

The Appendix presents, in an abbreviated, concise and 
convenient form, the synchronism of Judah and Israel. 
The List of Works gathers up the authorities referred to 
throughout the Syllabus, and adds a Supplemental List 
of some of the more elaborate, the more scholarly, and 
the latest works of value for more extensive and detailed 



viii OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

study of Old Testament History. The General Index 
includes the historical names and topics mentioned only 
in the Syllabus. For the preparation of the Index of 
Scripture Texts, and for the verification of the Bible 
references, the thanks of the author are due Mr. L. C. 
Randolph of the Seminary. Other obligations are suffi- 
ciently recognized by references. 

By a discriminating and careful use of the interleaves 
in jotting down new facts, explanations and references, 
each one can make for himself of this Syllabus a handy 
and indispensable compend of Old Testament History. 

A similar treatment of Old Testament Prophecy is in 
course of preparation. 

It is the purpose of the author to prvoide a simple, concise, 
practical and comprehensive method of studying the history 
found in the Old Testament and among contemporaneous 
peoples. He, therefore, invites suggestions, criticism and 
corrections leading to that end. More conscious than any 
one else of its defects, yet convinced by four years of 
class-room experience of its practicalness, the author now 
gives to the Bible studying public this little Syllabus. It 
is accompanied with the prayer that it may be the means 
of arousing a more genuine interest in the fundamental 
historical study of the Old Testament revelation. 

Theological Seminary, IrA M. PrICE. 

]M organ Park, Chicago, December 6, 1890. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 

Pages 

I. Why Study Old Testament History? 5-8 

II. Biblical Geography 8-20 

Sees. 

1. The Old Testament World ... lo-ii 

2. Geography of Palestine 11-13 

3 Geography of Palestine — continued 13-15 

4. Natural History of Palestine 15-16 

5. Climate of Palestine ........ . . 16 

6. The Political Divisions of Palestine 17-18 

7. The Chief Points and Cities of Palestine 18-19 

S.Jerusalem 19-20 

III. Literature 21-23 

9. The Books of the Bible 21 

10. T]\Q Books and Chapters in the Old Testament 21-22 

11. Moderate General Outfit for the Study of Old Testa- 

ment History 23 

IV. Chronological 24-25 

12. Period of Time covered by the Bible 24 

13. Periods of Old Testament History.. .. , 2425 

FIRST PERIOD, ANTE-DILUVIAN. 

14. The Creation 27-28 

15. Eden 29-30 

16. The Temptation and the Fall 30-31 

17. Cain and his Descendants 31-32 

18. Seth and his Descendants 33 

SECOND PERIOD, POST-DILUVIAN. 

19. The Deluge 34-35 

20. The vSecond Beginning 35 -36 

21. The Table of Nations ... 36-38 

22. The Tower of Babel and the Dispersion 3^-39 

I 



2 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

THIRD PERIOD, PATRIARCHAL. 

23. Abraham's Call and Wanderings 40-41 

24. Abraham's settled Life in Canaan 41-43 

25. Career of Lsaac 43-45 

26. The Wanderings of Jacob to the History of Joseph... 45-46 

27. Jacob and Joseph to the Descent into Egypt 46-47 

FOURTH PERIOD, BONDAGE. 

28. Descent and Settlement in Egypt. . . ; 48-49 

29. The Sojourn in Egypt 49"5o 

FIFTH PERIOD, WANDERINGS. 

30. The Exodus 51 -53 

31. The March to Sinai 53-54 

32. Doings at Sinai in the Book of Exodus 54-5^ 

33. Doings and Laws given at Sinai in Lev. and Num. i-ix. 56-57 

34. From Sinai to the Arnon 57-59 

35. Conquests East of the Jordan 59-6i 

36. Final Review and Death of Moses 61-62 

SIXTH PERIOD, CONQUEST. 

37. The Entrance into Canaan 63-64 

38. The Southern Campaign 64-66 

39. The Northern Campaign .... ... 66-67 

40. Settlement of the Tribes 67-69 

41. Joshua's Departure and Condition of the Land. 69-70 

42. Supplementary to the Conquest 70-71 

SEVENTH PERIOD, JUDGES. 

43. First three Oppressions and three Judges 72-73 

44. Canaanite and Midianite Oppressions 73-75 

45. Ammonite and Philistine Oppressions 75 '77 

46. Ruth 77-78 

47. Eli and the Fall of Shiloh 78-80 

48. Samuel as Judge and Ruler to the Accession of Saul. . 80-81 

49. Samuel under a King, Saul 81-83 

EIGHTH PERIOD, KINGDOM. 

50. Saul's sane Career 84-86 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3 

5 1 . Saul's insane Career 86-88 

52. David's pre-regal Career 88-90 

53. David's prosperous Reign 90-93 

54. David's calamitous Reign 93-9^ 

55. The Reign of Solomon , 96-99 

56. Solomon's Temple 99-102 

NINTH PERIOD, DUAL KINGDOM. 

57. Dual religious Decline 103-105 

o j Reign of Asa in Judah, ) 106-108 
^ * ( Destruction of three Dynasties in Israel, j ••:••• • 

59. Reign of the House of Omri of Israel 108- 112 

60. Reign of Jehoshaphat of Judah 112- 114 

61. The great Period of oral Prophets and oral Prophecy.. 114- 119 

(32 j Religious Decline in Judah, ) 110-122 

( Check to Idolatry in Israel, f 

63. Religious Decline and regal Prosperity 122-125 

64. •!f.T';^y-'"?!f^M 126-128 

^ I Idolatry m Judah, j 

TENTH PERIOD, JUDAH ALONE. 

^^ ( Reforms in Judah. ) ^^^ ^^^ 

^5- / Downfall of Israel, [ ^^9-i32 

66. Hezekiah's Reign after the Fall of Samaria 182 135 

67. Reigns of Manasseh and Amon 135- 137 

68. Josiah's Reign and Reform 137-140 

69. Decline under Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim 140-141 

70. Decline under Jehoiachin and Zedekiah 142-144 

ELEVENTH PERIOD, THE EXILE. 

71. Fall of Jerusalem ....» 145-147 

72. Remnants in Palestine and Egypt 147-149 

73. Babylonian Exile of the Jews. ... 149-151 

TWELFTH PERIOD, RETURN. 

74. Fall of Babylon 152-153 

75. The first Return 153-154 

76. Building of the second Temple, 155-156 

77. Queen Esther 156-157 



4 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

78. Second Return — under Ezra 157-158 

79. Third Return — Nehemiah , 158-160 

80. General Review 160-161 



APPENDIX. 
The Chronology of Judah and Israel. 

Section I. Dual Kingdom 162-165 

'' II. Judah alone 166-167 

" III. Exile 167-168 

*' IV. Restoration 169 

** V. Kings of Judah 170 

" VI. Dynasties of Israel 171 

INDEXES. 

List of Works referred to 172-176 

Supplemental List 177-180 

Index of Names and Topics .' 181- 188 

Index of Scripture Texts . . , . • 189- 198 



INTRODUCTION. 



I. WHY STUDY OLD TESTAMENT 
HISTORY? 

The doings and sayings of individuals and peo- 
ples constitute the basis of history. They are the 
elements which give character to any time or period. 
We must know the men, and the times, and the 
customs of any people before our judgment on the 
character of any period of that people's history can 
be of real value. Their literature and religion are 
vitally connected with their daily life and activity; in 
fact, they grow out of the real life of the people. If 
we would understand their literature and religion, 
we must make a close study of their habits and cus- 
toms, in other words, of their history. 

This is as true of Old Testament as of secular 
history. The first and important work of every 
Bible student is to study the times and customs of 
the Bible, to bring up vividly before him the indi- 
vidual events of that history. For the doing of this 
work there are several important reasons: 

5 



6 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

a. We have here the oldest history of mankind. 
It contains an epitome of the world's history from 
the beginning down to the call of Abraham, and a 
condensed history of Abraham's descendants down 
to the close of the fourth century before Christ. It 
is brief, but exceedingly comprehensive. It sweeps 
through centuries of important and epitomized 
events. 

b. It is the most complete history of the oriental 
world in our possession. It is not confined to one 
people, but is full of references to many and great 
peoples. In fact, it is the only trustworthy 
source of information regarding several of those 
almost prehistoric nations. It is the beaten track 
through oriental times, to which and from which nu- 
merous pathways lead. Taking it as starting-point, 
and making it our own, we shall have little difficulty 
in increasing our knowledge of the contempora- 
neous history of the surrounding peoples. 

c. It is the history of God's chosen people. Gen. 
i-xi. 9, is the biblical introduction to the history 
of Israel. With the call of Abraham the chosen 
people are set apart. From this point to the end of 
the Old Testament we are following Israel. They 
are the peculiar objects of care. Around them Je- 
hovah makes everything revolve. Other peoples 
are mentioned only in so far as they come in contact 
with, or are related to, the house of Jacob. The 
history of Israel is full of instruction, admonition, 



INTRODUCTION, 7 

encouragement, warning, promise and benediction 
to every one who will make of it a careful study. 

d. It is the soil out of which grew the prophetic 
and poetical writings of the Old Testament. It fur- 
nishes us the conditions of this growth and gives us 
the principles by which it was made. The prophetic 
utterances of the Old Testament are not isolated, 
but are vitally connected with some period and 
time. 

e. It is essential to any true method of interpret- 
ing the Old Testament. No one can understand 
the import, the full significance, of the words of 
the prophets without a reasonably complete knowl- 
edge of the times which called out their utterances. 
Their prophecies and predictions cannot be tinder- 
stood without a comprehension of the times in which 
they grew up. The ignorance current regarding 
Old Testament History has been the most fruitful 
source of bad and false interpretations in this por- 
tion of Scripture. Out of isolated and disconnected 
passages, regardless of the historic background, 
men have woven theories, spiritualized and allegor- 
ized until, in many minds, the Old Testament is a 
mere jumble of uncertain sounds. On the other 
hand, the history gives us the events and the customs 
of the people which provoked the words of the 
prophet; it gives us the basis for his utterances, and 
the only true data by which we can rightly interpret 
his words. Old Testament History is the basis and 



8 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

background of a correct interpretation of the Old 
Testament. 

/. It will be the means of strengthening our faith 
in the Bible. In former times the charge of fable, 
fancy and fiction was made against this old revelation, 
as a whole. But no informed man, who is sane, will 
make this statement to-day. The old Bible has wit- 
nesses to its truth coming forth from almost every an- 
cient oriental land. Its statements are confirmed and 
re-affirmed by the discoveries in every portion of 
the Old Testament world. Its history is supple- 
mented and complemented and corroborated until, 
with renewed strength and faith, we can affirm and 
maintain its truth in the presence of every honest 
searcher after truth. 

g. It is the first part of our great revelation, the 
introduction to the coming of our Lord. It is a 
vital part of God's revealed word. The Bible is one 
book. It must be studied as one book. The Old 
Testament preceded the New, and prepared the way 
for it. It supplies material, types, illustrations and 
predictions for the New Testament. It is essential 
to an understanding of the New Testament. In 
fact, without it the New Testament cannot be cor- 
rectly interpreted. 

II. BIBLICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

History is local. Historical events, to be well 
understood, must be localized. Events are depend- 



INTRODUCTION. 9 

ent for many of their characteristics upon the topog- 
raphy of the places in which they occurred. The 
reader or student of history must associate the event 
with its geographical surroundings. This is the 
only sure method of fixing and firmly grasping a 
series of occurrences. The mind of man makes 
pictures — puts things into groups. And these 
groups always have a background against which they 
should be seen. The background is the mountain, 
the plain or the plateau. 

Bible history has been too long suspended in mid- 
air. Much of the current ignorance of i ts facts has 
been due to a neglect of the study of the geography 
of Palestine and adjacent lands. In other words, 
the background of the picture was lacking; there 
was no local coloring. Readers and students ram- 
bled through a mass of chaotic facts, and brought 
out with them only a very general impression of all 
that they had seen. By a systematic and orderly 
study of the background, at the start, we shall be 
prepared to locate our events as they occur, and pin 
them to their proper places. 

An important essential to a proper understanding 
of Old Testament History is a knowledge of the 
lands of the Bible. These are Palestine, and all 
the lands which are prominently mentioned in con- 
nection with the nations of the Old Testament. It 
has been found to be the most profitable introduction 
to the study of the history in the Old Testament 



10 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Hence at this point this topic will be taken up and 
followed out with as much thoroughness of treatment 
as time and space will allow. Cf. Stanley, Sinai 
and Palestine, Preface. 

§1. THE OLD TESTAMENT WORLD. 

1. Extent: a, by parallels; b, by miles; c. by sq. 

miles. 

2. Chief bodies of water — seven: a. location; b. 

size; e. characteristics. 

3. Priiieipal moitntaiii ranges — six: a, location; b. 

extent and height; c. characteristics. 

4. Mai7t rivers — -six: a. source, direction and out- 

let; b, length and use. 

5. Mountain countries — three: a, names and 

boundaries; b. contour and characteristics; 
c. principal cities. 

6. Plain countries — five: a. names and bounda- 

ries; b. contour and characteristics; c, princi- 
pal cities. 

7. Mediterranean coast lands — six: a. names and 

boundaries; b. contour and characteristics; 
c. principal cities. 

Suggestions : 

1. Draw a map of the Old Testament world. 

2. Make constant use of the map until the points 
become fixed in mind. 

3. Locate from memory (i) the bodies of water, 



INTRODUCTION. 11 

(2) mountain ranges, (3) rivers, and (4) the countries 
in each of these divisions. 

4. Give the location of the ancient capital or 
principal city in each of the countries. 

5. Thoroughly master this section before proceed- 
ing to the next. 

Literature : 

Hurlbut, Manual of Biblical Geography, pp. 17- 
22. 

Johnson, Bibhcal Wall Atlas. F. H. Revell, Chi- 
cago and N. Y., 1889. 

Wilson, John, The Lands of the Bible, 2 vols. Ed- 
inburgh, 1847, 

Kennedy, J. F., Countries and Places Mentioned in 
Bible History. Am. S. S. Union. 

Bible Atlas, by George Grove. London, 1868. 

Coleman, Lyman, An Historical Text Book and 
Atlas of Biblical Geography. Phil- 
adelphia, 1877. 

Bible Atlas and Gazetteer, Am. Tract Society. 

New Bible Atlas, new editio7iy Religious Tract Soc. 
London, 1890. 

§2. GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINE. 

1. Boimdaries of Palestine proper, 

2. Extent: ^. by parallels; ^. by miles; ^, area, (i) 

west of Jordan, (2) east of Jordan, (3) total; 
d, land of promise. 



12 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

3. Origin and significance of its names: a. Canaan; 

h. Palestine; c. Holy Land. 

4. Natural divisions of Palestine — four parallels 

from North to South: a. plain by the Mediter- 
ranean Sea; b, mountain range; c, Jordan val- 
ley; d, eastern table-land. 

5. Size, divisions and characteristics of the mari- 

time plain : a. Phoenicia ; b. Esdraelon ; c, 
Sharon; d. Philistia. 

6. Describe the mountain range, especially: a. lower 

Lebanon; b, hills of lower Galilee; c, hill 
country of Judea and Samaria; d. low hills; 
e. South country. 

7. Characteristics of the Jordan valley: a. its re- 

markable depression; b, its sudden fall; c. 
size and surroundings. 

8. Eastern table-land: a, boundaries; b. contour; 

c. contents. 

Literature : 

Hurlbut, Manual of Bib. Geog., pp. 28-32. 

Osborn, Map of Palestine. 

Conder, C. R., Map of Palestine, in 26 sheets. Lon- 
don, 1880. 

Conder, C. R., Palestine. N.Y. 1890. 

Kiepert, H., Neue Wandkarte von Palaestina. Ber- 
lin, 1854. 

Van de Velde, C. W. M., Map of the Holy Land, 8 
sheets, second edition. London, 1865. 

Robinson, Physical Geog.of Palestine. Boston, 1865. 



INTRODUCTION. 13 

Thomson, The Land and The Book, 3 vols., (new 

edition), N. Y. 1886. 
Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, chap. i-xi. N. Y. 
Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, 3 vols. 

Boston, 1857. 
Macduff, Sunsets on Hebrew Mountains. 
Wilson, Jno., Lands of the Bible. 2 vols. 
xMerrill, East of the Jordan. N. Y., 1883. 
Schumacher, Across the Jordan. London, 1886. 
Tristram, The Land of Israel. London, 1886. 

Land of Moab. N. Y., 1873. 
Dixon, Hepworth. The Holy Land. London, 1868. 
Osborn, Guide to Palestine. Philadelphia, 1868. 
Baedeker, Syria and the Holy Land. Leipzig, 

1885. 
Articles on ''Palestine" in Encycs. and Dictionaries. 

^3. GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINE — Continued, 

1 . Principal mountain peaks west of the Jordan — 

give ten: a, names; b, height; c, relative lo- 
cation. 

2. Principal points east of the Jordan — three: a. 

names; b, heights; c. relative position. 

3. Plains of Palestine: a. Esdraelon; b, Sharon; 

c, Philistia; d, Jericho or Jordan; e. South 
country; /. Bashan. 

4. River of Palestine — Jordan: <3:. sources; ^. fall 

between various points; c, length, width and 



14 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

depth; d, entire fall; e, velocity; /. average 
per mile. 

5. Brooks and wadies of Palestine : (i) east of Jor- 

dan — three; (2) west of Jordan and empty- 
ing into it — three; (3) flowing into the 
Mediterranean Sea — three; a, names; b. 
size, length; c. territory drained; d, perpet- 
ual or perennial. 

6. Lakes of Palestine — two: a. Merom (cf. Josh. 

xi- 5? 7); ^- Chinnereth or Galilee (cf. Num. 
xxxiv. 11; Deut. iii. 17; Josh. xii. 3; xiii. 27); 
a, size; b. level; c, connection; d, use. 

7. The sea of Palestine — {Salt, Gen. xiv. 3; of 

ArabaJi^ Deut. iii. 17; Eastern y Ezek. xlvii. 
18; Joel ii. 20/ a, size; b. depth; c. level; 
d. character of water; e. source of supply; 
/. outlet; g. its enclosure. 

8. Characteristics of Palestine: a, seclusion from 

the rest of the world; b. smallness and nar- 
rowness of territory; c, central position, cf. 
I Kings x. 29; 2 Kings xxiii. 29. 
Literature: 
Additional to that given under §6. 
Ritter, Geography of Palestine, vol. ii. pp. 226- 

336. ' 
Lynch, Expedition to the Jordan and Dead Sea 

Philadelphia, 1849. 
Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, chaps, vi. ix. xi. 
MacGregor, J., The Rob Roy on the Jordan, Nile 
and Red Sea. New York, 1870. 



INTRODUCTION. 15 

Manning, Sam'l, Those Holy Fields. 
Gage, W. L., Studies in Bible Lands. Am. Tract 
Society. 

§4. NATURAL HISTORY OF PALESTINE. 

1. Geological features: {})a, sea coast; b. plains; c, 

mountain west of Jordan; d. mountain east 
of Jordan; e. Gilead; /. Hauran, Bashan; g, 
east of Dead Sea; (2) a, springs and foun- 
tains; b. sepulchres; c. caves; d, extinct vol- 
canic remains. 

2. Botanical features : (i) a. plains; b, hill coun- 

try west; c. hill country east; d. Bashan; e, 
Jordan valley; f. South country; (2) a. chief 
fruits; b, chief flowers; c. chief vegetables; 
d, chief grains. 

3. Zoological features : (i) ^2. mammalia; /5. birds; 

c, reptiles; d. fishes; (2) a, chief domestic 
animals; b. chief wild animals; c. chief ven- 
omous reptiles. 

Literature : 
Stanley, Sinai and Palestine. Map opp. p. 178. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog. Map p. 28. 
Lynch. See §6. 

Tristram, Natural Hist, of the Bible. NewYork, 1867. 

Harris, '' '' " '' Boston, 1820. 

Groser, Trees and Plants of the Bible, in By-paths 

of Bible Knowledge. Religious Tract 

Society, London. 



ir, OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Tristram, Fauna and Flora of Palestine. London, 
1888. 

Osborn, Plants of the Bible. Philadelphia, 1865. 

Barrows, Sacred Geography and Antiquities. 

Hart H. C, Animals of the Bible. Rel. Tract Soc. 

Wood, J. G., Bible Animals. New York, 1872. 

§5. CLIMATE OF PALESTINE. 

1. Seasons: a. Winter, Nov.-April, wet; b, summer, 

May — Oct., rainy and dr)^ 

2. Temper aUu'e: a. average in winter 49.1°; b, 

greatest cold 28^; c, average July and Aug. 
78.4^; d. greatest heat 92^; e, extreme 
range in year 52^; /. mean annual 65. 6^ \ 
g. isothermal lines in U.S.A., across Florida 
and Southern California; h, at different times 
of the day; i, at various elevations. 

3. Rain: a, time of greatest fall; b, time of least 

fall; c, mean annual fall; d. direction of ap- 
proach. 

4. Winds: a, westerly in rainy seasons; b, easterly 

in winter; c, N. W. and S. in summer; d, 
sirocco. 

5. Purity of the at7no sphere. 

Literature: 
Robinson's Physical Geog. of Palestine. 
Gage, W. L. Studies in the Holy Land. 
Under art. ''Palestine" in Smith's Bib. Dictionary. 
Any work on the Geography of Palestine. 



INTRODUCTION. 17 

^6. THE POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF PALESTINE. 

1. Patriai'chal period — down to descent into 

Egypt: a, low-lands — Canaanites, Phoeni- 
cians; b, highlands west — Amorites, Hivites, 
Jebusites, Hittites; c. highlands east — Moab- 
ites, Amorites, Ammonites. 

2. Tribal period — settlement of the tribes: 

(i) Tribes east of Jordan — two and one- 
half. 

(2) Tribes west of Jordan and south of 
half tribe of Manasseh — 5. 

(3) Tribes west of Jordan and north of 
half tribe of Manasseh — 4. 

a. name; b, bound; e. characterize each ter- 
ritory. 

3. Regal period — Saul to fall of the kingdom: 

(i) United under Saul, David and Solo- 
men. 
(2) Divided at disruption of the kingdom. 

a, Judah — Benjamin, Judah and Simeon. 

b, Israel — remaining ten tribes. 

c, comparative size of the two territories. 

4. New Testament period — under Rome: 

(i) west of Jordan: a, Galilee; b, Sa- 
maria; c. Judea; (2) east of Jordan: a, 
south of brook Hieromax, Perea; b, 
north of brook Hieromax, Bashan. 
a, bound; b. give principal cities; c. charact- 
er of the country. 



18 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Draw an outline map of Palestine in each period. 
Locate the principal points and cities. 
Master these thoroughly. 

Literature: 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., Map on p. 50, cf. p. 60. 

'' '' p. 58. 
'' '' pp. 64,68, 100. 
*' '' pp. 86, 88, 89. 

§7. THE CHIEF POINTS AND CITIES IN PALESTINE. 

1. On sea coast : ^. Joppa; b, Carmel; c. Tyre; 

a. locate; b, give importance of each. 

2. On the mountain range: a, Beersheba; ^.He- 

ron; r. Jerusalem; d. Bethel; e, Samaria;/. 
Shechem; g. Mt. Gilboa; h. Hazor. 

3. In the Jordan valley : a. Jericho; b. Dan at 

sources of Jordan. 

4. On eastern table land : a, Heshbon; b, Ra- 

moth Gilead; c. Mahanaim. 



Locate each of the above points in the divisions 
of Palestine in a. Patriarchal period; b. Tribal per- 
iod; c. Regal period; d. N. T. period. 

Make yourself master of the outlines and main 
points in Palestine before you leave them. 

Literature: 
Additional to preceding sections: 
Osborn, Map of Palestine. 
In Thomson's Land and Book. 



INTRODUCTION. 19 

Porter, Giant Cities of Bashan. 

Each name in Smith's Bible Dictionary. 

Any other trustworthy work on Palestine. 

§8. JERUSALEM. 

1. Name: a, in period of judges, Jebus, Judg. ix. 

lo; b, Jerusalem in Regal period; c. in 
Christian times. Holy City; d, now, El Khuds, _^ 
'the holy/ 

2. General locatio7i ( i ) politically: a. territory 

of Jebusites; b. in Benjamin; c, in Judah; d, 
in Judea; (2) geographically: a. 32 miles 
from Mediterranean; b. 18 miles from Dead 
Sea; c. 20 miles north of Hebron; d, 36 miles 
south of Samaria; e, 2600 feet above sea 
level. 

3. Special location — (i) Valleys uniting at S. E. 

angle of city: a. Hinnom, from N. W. ; b, 
Kidron or Jehoshaphat from N. ; c, Tyro- 
poean from N. N. W. ; (2) Mounts: a Zion 
S. W. between Hinnom and Tyropoean; b. 
MoriahS. E. between Tyropoean and Kidron; 
Cj Acra N. of Zion; d. Bezetha N. of Moriah. 
Remark — a. Olivet is east of Jerusalem. 

4. Seciio7is of the City, a. upper city or Zion; b, 

lower city or Acra N. of Zion and W. of 
temple; c, Ophel, parks and gardens S. of 
Moriah; d, Moriah, N. of Ophel — con- 
tained the temple. . 



20 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

5. History : a, fortress of Jebusites until David's 
capture of it (1048); b, capital of United 
Kingdom, and of Judah; c, sacked by Shi- 
shak in Rehoboam's reign; d. sacked by Phil- 
istines and Arabians in reign of Jehoram; e. 
sacked by Joash of Israel in Amaziah's reign ; 
f. sacked by Nebuchadrezzar in reign of 
Jehoiakim (608); g. sacked by same king in 
reign of Jehoiachin (599); h, sacked and de- 
stroyed by Neb. in reign of Zedekiah (588); i. 
rebuilt about 536-520;/. walls built by Nehe- 
miah (445); k, sacked by Antiochus Epiph- 
anes (168 B. C); /. destroyed by the Ro- 
mans in A. D., 70; 7n. at present a Turkish 
city of 20,000 inhabitants. 
Lite7'ature: 
Maps in Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog. pp. 72, 75, 78, 

79,81, 82. 
Stanley, Sinai and Pal., p. 226. See also ^'Jeru- 
salem" in index to Stanley. 
Thomson, Land and Book, vol. ij pp. 412-567. 

Admirable description, maps and cuts. 
Fergusson, Ancient Topography of Jerusalem, 1847. 
Williams, The Holy City, 2 vols., London, 1849. 
Barclay, The City of the Great King. Phila., 1858. 
Thrupp, Ancient Jerusalem, a new investigation, 1855. 
Wilson and Warren, The Recovery of Jerusalem, 

New York, 1871. 
Besant & Palmer, Jerusalem, the City of Herod and 

Saladin, new edition, London, 1889. 
Sm. Bib. Diet., art. "Jerusalem." 



INTRODUCTION. 21 

III. LITERATURE. 

§9. THE BOOKS OF THE BIBLE. 

1 . In General. 

1. The Bible contains sixty-six books. 
Isaiah contains sixty-six chapters. 

2. The Old Testament, tliirty-nine books, is in gen- 

eral historical. 
The first section of Isaiah, thirty-nine chapters, 
is in general historical. 

3. The New T^'^X.dLva^Vi'i.^tzventy -seven books, is in 

general doctrinal. 
The Second section of Isaiah, twenty -seven chap- 
ters, is in general doctrinal or evangelical. 

2. Tlie Books of the Old Testame7it, 

1. Kinds of Literature in the Old Testament, his- 

torical, poetical, prophetical. 

1^. ^ . , ( Pentateuch - 5 

2. Historical, - - s r\^\^ i,- 4. u i ^ 

' ( Other hist, books 12 

17 

3. Poetical, 5 

4. Prophetical, - - "^^'^^ ^ 

Total, - - o « - . 39 

§10. THE BOOKS AND CHAPTERS IN THE OLD 
TESTAMENT. 

Commit to memory the entire list of books in the 



22 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Old Testament in their order, together with the 
number of chapters in each book. Follow the 
order under §9. 2. Observe a few points: 

1. In the Pentateuch: Gen and Ex. contain chap- 

ters which are multiples of 10 (50 and 40); 
Lev. and Num. contain multiples of 9 (27 
and 36). 

2. /;/ the twelve other historical books: a, Joshua 

and 2 Sam. contain each 24 chaps.; b. 

1 Sam. contains same as Prov., 31 chaps.; c. 

2 Chron. contains same as Num., 36 chaps.; 
d, Ezra and Esther contain each 10 chaps. 

3. Major Prophets: Isaiah contains same number 

of chapters as the Bible does of books — sixty- 
six. 

4. Commit to mem^ory the Minor Prophets, 

Ho-Jo-Am Ob-Jo-Mi ! 
Na-Ha-Ze 

Ha-Ze-Ma. 

5. In General. 

Three chaps, are found in Joel, Nah , Hab.Zeph. 

Four " " " " Ruth, Jon. and Mai. 

Ten " " " " Ezra and Esther. 

Twelve " " " '' Eccl. and Dan. 

Fourteen " " " '' Hos. and Zech. 

Twenty-four " " " " Josh, and i Sam. 

Thirty-one " " " '' 2 Sam. and Prov. 

Thirty-six " " " " Num. and 2 Chron. 

Note — Historical Books contain 436 chaps. 
Poetical '' '* 243 *' 

Prophetical " " 250 ** 

Total, - 929 " 



INTRODUCTION. 23 

§11. MODERATE GENERAL OUTFIT FOR THE STUDY 
OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY.t 

Revised Version, minion, octavo. Oxford. 
Hurlbut, Manual of Bib. Geography. Chicago. 
Geikie, Hours with the Bible, either three or six 

volume edition. Potts, N. Y. 
Blaikie, Manual of Bible History. Nelson, N. Y. 
Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews. 
Stanley, History of the Jewish Church, 3 vols. Scrib- 

ner's, N. Y. 
Thomson's The Land and the Book, 3 vols. Har- 
pers, 1886. 
"^Edersheim, Bible History, 7 vols. London. 
^Smith's Bible Dictionary, 4 vols. 
^Smith's Old Testament History. 
"^By-Paths of Bible Knowledge, Religious Tract 

Soc, London. 
*Bissell, Biblical Antiquities. Am. S. S. Union, 

1888. 
*Humphrey, E. P. Sacred History from Creation 

to Giving of the Law. New York, 

Armstrong, 1888. 
^Men of the Bible Series, 10 vols. Randolph, N. Y. 

Special works are cited in their appropriate places 
under Literature^ at the end of each section. 



fThe unstarred works should be in the hands of every one; those 
starred are very useful and important, and should be consulted if 
possible. 



24 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY, 

IV. CHRONOLOGICAL.^ 

§12. PERIOD OF TIME COVERED BY THE BIBLE. 

1 . Tlie Old Testament describes peoples and events 

from ^00^ to /f.oo B. C. , or about j,6oo years. 

2. The New Testament describes events from ^ 

B. C. to 100 A. D.y or about loo years. 

3 . Old Testament writings belong to a period from 

izfoo B. C.to ^00 B. C.^or about i ,ooo years. 

4. New Testament writings belong to a period from 

about ^0 to 100 A. D., or about ^o years. 



* The chronology of Archbishop Ussher is adopted here simply 
for the sake of convenience. See Appendix. 

§13. PERIODS OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY B. C. 

This division seems to be a perfectly natural one, 
and such as will commend itself to the student. 
i. Ante-diluvian^ 4004-2348. Creation to the 

Deluge, 
ii. Post-diluvian^ 2348-1921. Deluge to the call 

of Abraham, 
iii. Patriarchal y 1 921-1706. Call of Abraham to 

the Descent into Egypt, 
iv. Bondage.^ 1 706- 1 491. Descent into Egypt to 

the Exodus. 
V. Wanderings,, 1491-1451. Exodus to Crossing 

of Jordan, 
vi. Conquest y 1451-1400. Crossing of Jordan to 

Appointment of Judges. 



INTRODUCTION. 25 

vii. Judges^ 1400-1095. Appointment of Judges 
to establishment of Kingdom. 

viii. Kvigdom^ 1095-975. Establishment of King- 
dom to Division of Kingdom. 

ix. Dual Kingdom^ 975-722. Division of King- 
dom to Fall of Samaria. 

X. Jtidah alone, 722-587. Fall of Samaria to Fall 
of Jerusalem. 

xi. Captivity — Exile^ 587-537. Fall of Jerusa- 
lem to Fall of Babylon. 

xii. RestoratioUy 536-445. Fall of Babylon to the 
close of the Old Testament. 
Remark, — Spare no pains to fix these periods 

firmly in mind. They are absolutely essential to a 

firm grasp of the outlines, of Old Testament History. 



SYLyl^ABUS 

OF THE 

Outlines and Literature 

OF 



FIRST PERIOD. 

ANTE-DILUVIAN. CREATION TO DELUGE. 
B. C. 4004-2348. * 



^14. THE CREATION— GEN. I-II. 3. 

1. Analyze carefully by days Gen, i-ii. j. 

2. Give the work and progress in each day. 

3. Ancient legends of Creation: Geikie, vol. i. 3; 

Lenormant, chap. i. 

4. Meaning of God as used here, 

5. Seventh day : a, original significance; b, time 

indicated; c, relation to man's seventh day. 

6. Genesis and Geology — how far do they harmon- 

ize? Geikie, vol. i. 4; Guyot; Dana's Review 
of Guyot. 

7. Age of the world: Geikie, vol. i. 6. 

27 



28 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

8. Object of Gen. i-ii, j: a, God is creator of all 

things; d, God prepared all things for man; 

c. God put man at the summit of creation; 

d. God pronounced him and all things ''very 
good.'' 

9. Beginnings in this section: a. solar system; b, 

all vegetable and animal life; c. man and 
woman; d. Sabbath. 
Remark. — Learn carefully the work of each 
day, and note the threefold occurrence of "creation." 

Literature : 
Geikie, vol. i. chaps. 3-7. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. i. sees. 2 and 3. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. i. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 2. 
Lenormant, Beginnings of History, chap. i. 
Guyot, Creation, and review of same by Prof. 

Dana in Bib. Sac, vol. xlii. pp. 201- 

224. 
"Creation" in Smith's Bib. Die. and McClintock & 

Strong's Encyc. 
Bibliotheca Sacra, vols. xii. p. 61 sq., 323 sq. ; 

xiv, p. 75 sq.; xxiv. p. 434 sq. ; 

xxvii. p. 459 sq. 
Prof. Dana in Bib. Sac, vol. xiii. pp. 80-130, 631- 

655; vol. xiv. pp. 388-413, 461-525, 

854-874. 
Prof. Dana in Old and New Test. Student, July and 

August, 1890. 
Miller, Hugh, Testimony of the Rocks, sees. 3 and 4. 



ANTE-DILUVIAN. 29 

§15. EDEN — GEN. II. 4-25. 

1. Analyze Gen, ii. 4.-2^. 

2. Is this a seco7id account of creation ? Lenormant 

chap. I. 

3. Creation of ma7i in distinction from that of an- 

inials : a. image of God; b. dominion on the 
earth; c, has breath of life, a living soul. 

4. Traditions of man's creation: Geikie, vol. i. 8; 
Lenormant. 

5. Antiquity of man: Geikie, vol. i. 9, 10. 

6. Location of Eden — Bible account. Other views: 

a. Armenia; c. Babylonia; e. near Damascus; 
d. North pole. 

7. Occupation of Adam: ^. body; ^. mind; ^. soul. 

8. Adam and Eve — woman: Geikie, vol. i. /» 

9. Object of this account: a, give more completely 

the relation of man to his maker; b, the rela- 
tion of man to the animal world; c, the rela- 
tions of man and woman. 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. 1. chaps. 8-1 1. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap, i, sees. 4 and 5. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. I. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 3. 
Lenormant, Beginnings, chap. 2. 
DeHtzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? Leipzig, 1881. 
Engel, M., Loiesung der Paradieses Frage, Leipzig, 
1885. 



30 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Warren, W. F., Paradise Found: the Cradle of the 
Human Race at the North Pole. Bos- 
ton, 1885. 

Brown, Francis, Old and New Test. Student. Sept., 
1884. 

Gibson, The Ages before Moses. N. Y., 1879. 

§ 16. THE TEMPTATION AND THE FALL — GEN. HI. 

1. Analysis of Gen, in: a, serpent through the tree 

of good and evil deceives Adam and Eve, vss. 
1-6; b, awakening of shame, 7, 8; c. exam- 
ination of God, 9-13; d, judgment given, 
14-19; e. Eve named; /. the two clothed; g. 
expulsion from the garden. 

2. The serpent (symbolism in O. and N. T., 2 Cor. 

xi. 3; Gen. xlix. 17; Rev. xii. 9; xx. 2): a, 
his plan; b, his success. 

3. Sin of Adam and Eve^ what was it? a, myth- 

ical interpretation; b, allegorical interpreta- 
tion; c, historical interpretation. 

4. Punishment^ what kind of de at It was it? 

5. Immediate punishment: ^.serpent — cursed; b. 

Eve — sorrow in childbirth and subjection to 
her husband; c, Adam — hard work, return 
to dust. 

6. Traditions of this sin among other nations: Le- 

normant, chap. 3, 

7. Deliverance in the distant future^ Hi, 1 5 : from 

the seed of a woman shall the bruiser arise. 



ANTE-DILUVIAN. 31 

8. ' Cherubim in the Old Testament — symbolism: 

Ex. XXV. i7-22;Ps.lxxx.i ;Ezek. xxviii. 14; 
ix. 3; x. 18. 

9. Flaming sword — symbolism: Isa. xxxiv. S; Jer. 

xlvi. 10; Zeph. ii. 12. 

10. Begijtnings in chap. Hi: a, disobedience, sin; b, 

enmity; c. cursing; d, sorrow; e. toil;/, phys- 
ical death; g, clothing; h, promise of a re- 
deemer. 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 11. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. i. 

Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 4 and 5. 

Lenormant, Beginnings, chap. 3. 

Expositor's Bible, Genesis, chap. ii. 

Genesis of Sin, Princeton Review, July, '80. 

Edenic Period of Man, '' " '' 

First Sin, Contemp. Review, September, '79. 

Art. Sin^ Diets, and Encycs. 

§17. CAIN AND HIS DESCENDANTS — GEN. IV. 

1. Analyze Gen, iv. 

2. Compare the offerings of Cain and Abel. 

3. Cain's wrath and murder of Abel: a, counte- 

ance fallen; b. rebuked by Jehovah; c. slays 
Abel. 

4. Significance in history (cf. Gen. ix. 5; Job xvi. 

18; Isa.xxvi. 21): a. culmination of Eve's dis- 
obedience, of Cain*s formalism, jealousy and 



32 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

wrath; b. first murder — mutilation of God's 
creature. 

5. Punishment of Cain: a. denial of any know- 

ledge of Abel; /;. cursed by Jehovah; c. fugi- 
tive and vagabond in the earth; d, sign set on 
him to save his life; e. sin at the door (cf. 
Prov. ix. 14; xxviii. 17). 

6. Tradiiio7is of similar murder amon;^ other peo- 

ples. See Lenormant. 

7. Lamech and the origin of the arts: a. nomads 

and shepherds; b, musical instruments; c. 
cutting instruments (of war and agriculture). 

8. Lantech's so7tg: a, earliest specimen of Hebrew 

poetry; b. first case of polygamy; c. intima- 
tions of violence in the land. 

9. Birth of Seth: cf. Cain's descendants with those 

of Seth in Gen. v. 
10. Beginnings in Chapter iv: ^.sacrifice-offering; 
b, murder; c, city; ^. arts; ^. poetry;/, polyg- 
amy; g, calling upon God. 

Literattire: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 12. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. 2. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 6. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 4. 
Lenormant, Beginnings, chaps. 4 and 5. 
Expositor's Bible, Genesis. 

Articles, Cain, Abel and Lamech in Smith's Bible 
Dictionary. 



ANTE-DILUVIAN. 33 

§18. SETH AND HIS DESCENDANTS — GEN. V. 

1. Analyze Gen. v, 

2. Conipm^e carefully the descendants of Cain and 

Seth. See Lenormant, iv. 

3. Similar genealogies among other peoples. See 

Lenormant. 

4. Variations in the periods of time betiveen Adam 

and the Deluge: a, Hebrew 1656 years; b. 
Samaritan 1307 years; c, Septuagint 2242 
years; d. explanations of these differences. 

5 . Longevity of the antediluvians: a, between Adam 

and Noah men lived 200-600 years (Gen. xi. 
10-32); b. Mosaic and patriarchal times, 100— 
200 years (Gen. xx. 7; xxxv. 28; xlvii. 28); 
e, later O. T, times, 70-80 years. 

6. Various interpretations of these facts, 

7. Translation of Enoch (cf Isa. xvii. 14; Ps. ciii. 

16); cf. Apocryphal Book of Enochs 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. i, chap. 12. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 2, sec. i. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 3 and 4. 
Humphrey, Sacred Hist., chaps. 6 and 7. 
Lenormant, Beginnings, chap. 6. 
The Book of Enoch, translation by Schodde. 
Articles Chronology, Enoch, in Smith's Bib. Diet. 
Antediluvians y Longevity, Patriarch, in McClintock 
& Strong's Encyc. 



SECOND PERIOD. 

POST-DILUVIAN. DELUGE TO CALL OF 
ABRAHAM. B.C. 2348-1921. 



§19. THE DELUGE — GEN. VII-VIII. I4. 

1. Cause — wickedness in the earth: a. ''Sons of 

God and daughters of men," three views, (i) 
sons of princes and daughters of lower orders, 
' (2) angels and mankind generally, (3) Sethites 
or godly men and Cainites; b. '* My spirit shall 
not rule in man forever," 2 Peter ii. 5; c. 
repentance of God (cf. i Sam. xv. 29), grief 
or pain on account of sin. 

2. Ark: a. dimensions; b. material; c. shape; d. 

possibility of containing all to be saved. 

3. Time of entering and contents. 

4. Beginning arid duration of deluge: 40 days, 150 

days, 360 days. 

5. Universality of deluge — arguments pro and con: 

consider that the earth was (i )Palestine alone, 
Joeli. 2; Ps. xliv. 3; (2) a small district about 
a town. Josh. viii. i; (3) indefinite, ''every 
nation under heaven," Actsii. 5; (4)* 'through- 
out the whole [known] world," Rom. i. 8. 

6. Object of the deluge: destruction of wicked men 

only. 

34 



POST-DILUVIAN, 35 

7. Are there two Biblical accounts of the deluge? 

See Lenormant. 

8. Babylofiiaii account — differs how from the Bible? 

9. Other traditions: a, Indian; b, Greek; c, Iran- 

ian; <^. Cymrics; e. Scandinavian;/. Lith- 
uanian. 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chaps. 13 and 14. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 2, sees, i and 2. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 5 and 6. 

Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 7 and 8. 

Lenormant, Beginnings, chaps. 7 and 8; and Appen- 
dix V. 

Articles, Deluge in Encyc. Brit.; Noah in Smith's 
Bib. Diet. 

Expositor's Bible, Genesis. 

Geikie, O. T. Characters, on Noah. 

§20. THE SECOND BEGINNING— GEN. VIII. 1 5 — IX. 

I. Events immediately upon landing: a, first altar; 

b, sacrifice; c, divine promise; d, blessing; 

e, command to multiply. 
2o All living things put under man's surveillance: 

a, to command; b. to use for food. 

3. Capital piLuishment established^ blood for blood, 

4. Covenant on God's part: a, not to cut off all life 

again with a flood; b, not to bring another 
flood upon the earth. 

5. Noah's shame and prophecy. 



36 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

6. Canaan's curse — (cf. i Kings ix, 20-21.) 

7 . Sh em 's future. 

8. JaphetJis part in Shem's God, 

9. Beginuings in this section: a, new race; b, altar; 

b, bloody sacrifice; c. capital punishment; 

d. flesh for food; /. promise by nature — bow 

in the cloud; g, drunkenness; h. prediction 

by man. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. i^ chap. 15. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. ii. sec. 4. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. 6. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 9, 
Briggs Messianic Prophecy. 
Orelli, Old Testament Prophecy. 
Expositor's Bible, Genesis, chap. 6. 
Geikie, O. T. Characters, on Noah. 
Denio, F. B. The Rainbow in Genesis, Old and 
New Test. Student, May 1890. 

§21. THE TABLE OF NATIONS — GEN. X. 

The most complete and exact table known. 

1. Does it speak of individuals or of nations? a, 

sons— tribe; b, used here in pi.; c, single 
names used as nations in Bible, in Ezek. 
xxvii. 7-15; xxxviii. 2-6. 

2. Is it geographical or ethnographical? 

3. Locate and identify the sons of Japheth: a. Ar- 

menia; b. Asia Minor; c. Greece in Europe. 



POST-DILUVIAN. 37 

4. Locate and identify the sons of Ha^n: af^ Cush, 

S. Babylonia, Arabian peninsula south, upper 
Nile; b. Mizraim, N. Egypt, coast of Medi- 
terranean Sea; c. Put — -Punt, modern prov- 
ince of Hejaz; d, Canaan, E. coast of Med- 
iterranean in Asia, Phoenicians, Canaanites, 
Hittites, etc. 

5. Locate and identify the sons of Shem: a. Elam 

^highland, with capital at Shushan ; b. As- 
shur, Assyria, cf. vs. ii; c, Arpachshad, 
between Lakes Van and Urumiyeh, settled 
in upper Babylonia and Mesopotamia, ances- 
tors of Hebrews; d, Lud, Lydiaas in Asia 
Minor; e. Aram, Harran, Hamath, N. Mes- 
opotamia to Upper Syria, later a general term 
for Armenia, Taurus, Lebanon, N. Palestine. 
Arabian Desert on S. and Euphrates and 
Tigris on the East. 

6. Source and directions of early migrations: From 

Central Asia, E., W. and S. 

7. Scientific evidences of racial affinity: a, language ; 

b. physiognomy; c. physiology; d, psych- 
ology; e, religious nature. 
Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. i6. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 3, sec. i. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. 8. 

*N0TE — Nimrod, first founder of a mighty empire. (Hunter — 
Assyrian kings hunted their enemies cf. Mic. v. 6.) a, A Cushite; 
b, settled in Shinar; c. extended his empire northwards. 



38 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. lO and 12. 

Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 23-27. 

Smith, O. T. History, chap. v. 

Schrader, E., Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old 
Testament, pp. 61-103. 

Thomson's Land and Book. 

Also Dictionaries and Encyclopedias under the var- 
ious names. 

Commentaries on Genesis x. 

§22. THE TOWER OF BABEL AND THE DISPERSION 
— GEN. XI. 1-9. 

1. Analyze the Biblical account, 

2. Locate the event: a. Shinar; b, where bricks 

were used for stone; c. Babylonia. 

3. Purpose of the tower: a, safety against another 

deluge; b. national headquarters; c. idola- 
trous centre. 

4. God's means of frustrating their purpose: a, 

lightning; b, confusion — disease of the 
mouth(?); c, scattering. 

5. What was the sin of the tower-builders? 

6. Traditions among other peoples: Egypt, Baby- 

lon, Greece. 

7. Relatio7i of Babel to ''Birs Nimroud :'' See 

Rawlinson. 

8. Were all languages originally one? 

9. Was the origin of different languages due to a 

miracle? 



POST-DILUVIAN. 39 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 17. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 3, sec. 12. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chap. 8. 

Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 11. 

Schrader, Cun. Inscrip. and O. T., pp. 103-114. 

Smith, O. T. History, chap. 5. 

Kurtz, Hist, of Old Covenant, pp. 108-122. 

Rawlinson, Ancient Monarchies, vol. i. p. 21, 

for Birs Nimrotid 
Tongues, Confusion of^ in Smith's Bib. Dictionary. 



THIRD PERIOD. 

PATRIARCHAL. CALL OF ABRAHAM TO 
DESCENT INTO EGYPT. B. C. 1921-1706. 



§23. ABRAHAM'S CALL AND WANDERINGS — GEN. 
XL 10 — XIIL 18. 

1. Desceitdant of Shem — xi. 10-26. 

2. First remove^ from Ur of Chaldees^ — xi. 27-32: 

a, location; b. population; c, associates; 
d. religion, Josh. xxiv. 2, 14, 

3. Second remove ^ from Haran — xii. 1-4: a. loca- 

tion; b. associates;^, promise of God. 

4. First journey through Canaan — ^^xii. 5"~9- ^ 

builds altar in Shechem^promise to Abraham's 
seed; b. Bethel, an altar built, calls on the 
name of Jehovah; c. South country. 

5. Sojourning in Egypt — xii. 10-20: a, famine drives 

him thence; b. deception of Pharaoh; c, 
plagues on Pharaoh; d. Abraham treated 
kindly — why? 

6. Return to Canaan — xiii. 1-4: a. companions 

and wealth; b. South country; c. Bethel, 
old altar, calls of Jehovah. 

7. Sep aratioit of Abraham and Lot — xiii.5 sq.<3:.great- 

ness of herds; b. strife of herdsmen; c. Lot 
40 



PATRIARCHAL. 41 

takes circle of Jordan; d, Abraham takes Ca- 
naan (probably the hill-country);^, promise 
repeated to Abraham; /. Abraham removes 
to Oaks of Mamre, builds an altar there. 

8. Contemporaneoics history: a, Ur of Chaldees; b. 

at Haran; c, in Canaan; d, in Egypt. 

Litei'atiire: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. i. i8, 19, 20, 21. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 4, sec. i. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 10 and li. 

Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 13-15. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees, i and 2. 

Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 33-35. 

Tomkins, Times of Abraham. 

Mozley, Lectures on O. T., Lee. i. 

Deane, W. J., Life and Times of Abraham, Men of 
Bible series. 

Geikie, O. T. Characters, Abraham. 

Each name in Bib. Diet, and Encycs. 

§24. ABRAHAM'S SETTLED LIFE IN CANAAN — GEN. 
XIV — XXIII. 

1. Invasion by the kings of the East — xiv. 1-17:^. 

subdued territory; b. years of subjection and 
revolt; c, territory invaded; d, disaster to 
the cities of the plain; e, Abraham's pursuit 
and victory. 

2. Melchizedek — xiv. 18-20: a, office; b. blessing 

upon Abraham; c. tithe observed (origin?); 
d, who was Melchizedek? — cf. Heb. vii. i-ii. 



42 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

3. Abi'ahant^s vision — xv: a, seed to be as stars of 

heaven; b. believed Jehovah — righteous- 
ness, vs. 6; c, sacrifice and vision, seed in 
bondage 400 years; d, to possess from river 
of Egypt to the great river. 

4. Story of Hagar — xvi: a. Egyptian hand-maid; 

^. flees to the wilderness; c, first mention of 
the Angel of Jehovah — promise to Hagar; d, 
return and birth of Ishmael. 

5. Renewed promise and rite of circumcision — xvii — 

xviii. 15: a. great seed and possession of Ca- 
naan; b, rite of circumcision established in 
Israel, (found among other peoples?); c. ap- 
pearance of three angels, their errand. 

6. Fateof Sodom — xviii. 16 — xix. 38: ^.announced 

by three angels; b. Abraham's plea; c. two 
angelic guests of Lot; d. Sodomites charge 
on his house, blindness; e, early escape of 
Lot and family; /. fate of Lot's wife; g. city 
destroyed by fire and brimstone (explain); 
h. Lot's incestuous posterity. 

7. Abraham and Abimelech — xx — xxi. 2\\ a, Abra- 

ham deceives Abimelech; b. Abimelech 's 
vision; c. kind treatment of Abraham; d. 
birth of Isaac; e, expulsion of Hagar and 
Ishmael; f, distress of Hagar; g, covenant 
between Abraham and Abimelech; h. origin 
of Beer-sheba. 



PATRIARCHAL. 43 

8. Sacrifice of Isaac — xxii: a, to prove Abraham; 

/5. journey; c, locality (Moriah); d, tragedy 
averted by substitute; e. promise renewed. 

Note — Human sacrifices, prevalence in Old Test, times; cf. 
Sunday School Times, Feb. 19, 1887; Mozley, Lee. 3; Kalisch. 
Com. on Lev. i, pp. 323-396. 

9. Death and burial of Sarah — xxiii: a, aged 127 

years; b. Abraham bought the cave of Mac- 
pelah from aHittite; c. Sarah buried therein. 

10. Character of Abraham: a, faithful to God and 

man; b. skilled in business; c. self-possessed 
and generous; d, exemplary patriarch in 
every way. 

11. Cojitemporaneoiis History: a, in the East; b. 

Hittites; c, Philistines. 
Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 22. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 4, sec. i. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 12-14. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 16-21. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees, i and 2 in part. 
Gun. Inscrip. and Old Test., pp. 120-123. 
Mozley, Lectures on Old Test, Lees. 2 and 3. 
Meyer, F. B., Abraham; or the Obedience of Faith, 
Revell, Chicago, 1890. 

^25. CAREER OF ISAAC — GEN. XXIV — XXVIII. 9; 
XXXV. 28. 

I. Finding of Rebekah — xxiv: a. oath of the ser- 
vant; b, journey to Mesopotamia; c, kin of 



44 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Nahor, Abraham's brother; d, return with 
Rebekah; she meets Isaac. 

2. Last days of Abraham — xxv. i-i i : a, another 

wife and posterity; b. death and burial in 
Macpelah. 

3. Isaac's sonSy Jacob and Esau — xxv. 12-34; 

xxvi. 34, 35: a, character of the boys; b. 
birthright of Esau sold to Jacob; c, Esau's 
wives — Hittites. 

4. Isaac in Gerar — xxvi: a, famine in Canaan; b. 

Jehovah's promise, warned against Egypt; c, 
deceives men of Gerar; d. strife over the 
wells at Gerar; e, oath and peace. 

5. Isaac's blessing stolen by Jacob — xxvii : a. Isaac's 

request for venison; b, Rebekah's intrigue 
for Jacob; c, Jacob's success and blessing; 
d. Esau's grief; e. Jacob sent to Paddan- 
aram for a wife. 

6. Isaac's death and burial — xxxv. 28, 29: a. after 

Jacob's return; b. buried by both Jacob and 
Esau. 

7. Isaac's character: a. faith in God; b, retiring; 

c. not forceful; d, submissive, peaceful. 
Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 23. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 4, sec. 2. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. 1. chaps. 15 and 16. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 22 and 2^. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 2, last part. 



PATRIARCHAL. 45 

Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Isaac and Ishmael, 
Dods, Isaac, Jacob and Joseph, London, 1887. 

§26. THE WANDERINGS OF JACOB TO THE STORY 
OF JOSEPH — GEN. XXVIII. 10 — XXXV. 2/. 

1. Flight to Haran — xxviii. 10-22: a, vision at 

Bethel; b, pillar set up; c, vow to Jehovah 
— tithe. 

2. Sojourn with Lab an ^ his nncle — xxix. i — xxxi. 

16: a. shepherd; b, service for Rachel and 
Leah; c, Laban's deceit; d. Jacob's children, 
(xxxv. 23-26); e, Jacob's shrewdness in 
caring for the flock; /. his wealth. 

3. Jacob's flight from Laban — xxxi. 17-55: ^.un- 

awares, he leaves with his all; b. pursuit by 
Laban; c. Jacob overtaken in Gilead; d, 
vain search for the teraphim; e, ''heap of wit- 
ness" set up; /. peaceful separation. 

4. Esau ahead — xxxii — xxxiii. 17: a, messengers 

to Esau; b. their return, report, and prayer 
of Jacob; c. present sent to Esau; (^.division 
of families and flocks; e, wrestling with the 
angel at Penuel and Jacob named Israel; f, 
joyful meeting with Esau; g, Esau receives 
presents and returns in peace. 

Note — Esau*s posterity is given in chap, xxxvi. 

5. Jacob at Shechem — xxxiii. 18 — xxxiv. 31: <^. 

bought ground; b. built an altar; c, Dinah 
disgraced; d. design of Jacob's sons, and 
despoiling of Shechem. 



46 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

6. Jacob at Bethel — xxxv. 1-20: a. all strange gods 

to be put away; b. Bethel reached; c. De- 
borah dies; d. renewed promise; e. birth of 
Benjamin and death of Rachel on way to 
Ephrath. 

7. Cliaracteinstics of Jacob and Esau. 

8. Contrast the characters of Abraham and Jacob. 

9. Give outline of Jacob's journeyings. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. 1. chap. 23 and half of 24. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 4, sec. 3. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 16-18. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chaps. 24 and 25. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 3. 
Smith, O. T. History, chap. 8. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Jacob, Esau, Leah 

and Rachel, Judah. 
Meyer, F. B., Israel, a Prince with God, Revell, 

Chicago, 1890. 
Names in Bible Diets, and Encycs. 

§27. JACOB AND JOSEPH TO DESCENT INTO EGYPT 
— GEN. XXXVII — XLV. 

1. Joseph's sale to the Midianites — xxxvii: a. age 

of Joseph; b, Joseph's two dreams; c, visit 
to his brethren; d. disposal of him, pit, sale; 
e. caravan routes. 

2. JudaKs unfaithfulness — xxxviii. 

3 Joseph sold and imprisoned — xxxix. xl: a, slave 



PATRIARCHAL. 47 

of Potiphar; b. his favor; c, falsely charged 
and imprisoned; d. favor in prison; e, inter- 
prets dream of butler and baker — fulfilled. 

4. Josepli's release and promotion^ xli : a. inter- 

prets Pharaoh's dreams; b, becomes second 
officer in the kingdom; c, charge of crops, 
storehouses; d, marries daughter of an Egyp- 
tian priest; e. famine on hand. 

5. Jacob's distress and appeal to Egypt ^ xlii — xlv: 

a, ten sons go to Egypt for corn; b, rough 
reception and return; c. second trip with 
Benjamin; d. feast and favor at Joseph's 
hands; e, return hindered by intrigue; f. 
Judah's matchless plea; g, Joseph reveals 
himself; h, arrangements for transfer to 
to Egypt of Jacob's house. 

6. Egypt before the Hebrezv sojourn: Geikie, vol. 

ii. 2: a, early history; b, religion; c. polit- 
ical relations. 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 24. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 4, sec. 4. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. i. chaps. 19-21. 

Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 26. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 4 in part. 

Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Joseph, 

Kellogg, A. H., Abraham, Moses and Joseph in 
Egypt. N. Y., 1887. 



FOURTH PERIOD. 

BONDAGE. DESCENT INTO EGYPT TO THE 
EXODUS. B.C. 1706-1491. 



^^28. DESCENT AND SETTLEMENT IN EGYPT — GEN. 

XL — L. 

1. Journey to Egypt ^ xlvi: a. renewed promise; 

b, number who went down; c, meeting of 
Israel and Joseph. 

2. Pharaoh's favor to Israel ^ xlvii — xlviii: a, as- 

signed to Goshen; b. Joseph's authority; c, 
Israel's age; d, Joseph's sons blessed by Is- 
rael. 

3. Egypt: Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 41,42: 

a. boundaries; b, extent; c, characteristics; 
d. history. 

4. Land of Goshen, Geikie, vol. ii. chap, i : a. lo- 

cation; b. size; c, seasons; d. products. 

5. Israel's prophecy in regard to his twelve sons, 

xlix. 1-27: characterize each son. 

6. IsraePs death, xlix. 28 — \.\'^:a. command for 

burial; b, embalmed; c. caravan to Canaan; 
d, buried in Macpelah; e, fear of Joseph's 
brethren. 

7. Joseph's death, 1. 15-26 a. prophecy; b, death; 

c. embalming. 

8. Character of Joseph. 

48 



THE BONDAGE. 49 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. i. chap. 24 in part; vol. ii. chap. i. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 5, sec. i. 
Edersheim, Bib. History, vol. i. chap. 22 and 23; 

vol. ii. chap. i. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 2T. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 4, i. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 10. 
Hurlbut, Man Bib. Geog., pp. 41 and 42. 

<^29. THE SOJOURN IN EGYPT — EXODUS I-X. 

1 . Reigning power in Egypt at this time: a, at 

descent of Jacob; b, after death of Joseph. 

2. Religion of Egypt: a, nature worship; b, ex- 

tensive ritual; c, numerous priesthood. 
3. . Servitude of Israel^ i. 8 — ii. 10: a, beginning, 
due to what? b, what kinds of work? c, at- 
tempted suppression of increase; d. Moses' 
preservation, attempted deliverance and flight 
to Midian. 

4. Moses training, ii. 1 1 — iv. 18: a, among "the 

flocks of Jethro; b. bush of flaming fire; c. 
command of Jehovah for Israel; d. two signs 
to Moses of success: e, Aaron's helo assured. 

5. Moses' return and first appeal to Pharaoh^ iv. 

[8 — vii. 13: a, events on the way back; 

b, Moses and Aaron's vain appeal to Pharaoh; 

c, increase of the burdens — bricks without 
straw; d. Jehovah's assurance of success; e, 
signs before Pharaoh — rods, explain. 



50 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

6. First nine plagnes^vix, 14-X.29: A.(/) blood — no 
effect; (^) frogs — Pharaoh calls; (j) lice — no 
effect; (^) flies — Pharaoh calls; (5) murrain — 
no effect; {6) boils — no effect; (7) hail — 
Pharaoh calls; (c?) locusts — Pharaoh calls; 
(p) darkness — Pharaoh calls. 
B. Observe: a. Pharaoh calls for Moses and 
Aaron five times; b. Pharaoh's heart is hard 
(obstinate) in (i), (3) and (5); c. Pharaoh 
made hard his heart in (2), (4) and (7); d, 
Jehovah hardened his heart in (6), (8) and (9) 
only; e, concessions of Pharaoh after (4), (7), 
(8) and (9); /. natural explanations for these 
plagues? g. gods insulted by each plague? 
Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chaps. 3-5. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. v. sees. 2 and 3. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii. chaps. 2-6. 

Humphrey, Sacred Hist., chaps. 28-31. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 4 in part. 

Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 41, 42. 

Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, Introduction. 

Rawlinson, Life and Times of Moses, Men of Bible 
Series. 

Harper, H. A., Bible and Modern Discoveries. 
Boston, 1889. 

Renouf, Religion of Egypt, London, 1879. 

Geikie, Old Test. C\\diYdiCtQYs^ on Pharaoh, Pharaok^s 
Daughter^ Moses^ Aaron. 



FIFTH PERIOD. 

WANDERINGS. EXODUS TO CROSSING 
THE JORDAN. B. C. 1491-14S1. 



§30. THE EXODUS. EXODUS XI-XV,2I. 

1. Preliminary to the tenth plagice^ xi: a, asking 

of Egyptians, why? b. threat told to Israel; 
c, result foretold. 

2. Passover established, ku, i-2S,42'-Si , xiii. i-io: 

a, times set — first month of year,. tenth day; 
6. preparation of lamb, on 14th day; c, dis- 
posal of the blood; d. purpose of same; e. 
manner of eating; /. exact time of eating; 
£", memorial to be observed; h, typical sig- 
nificance. 

3. The tenth plague^ xii. 29-36; a, at midnight; 

b, first-born of man and beast slain; c, call 
of Pharaoh for Moses and Aaron; d, com- 
mand to Israel to leave; e. they start — 
spoiling Egyptians. 

4. The march to the sea^ xii. 37 — xiv. 14; a. as- 

sembling of hosts of Israel; b. journey from 
Rameses to Succoth — 600,000 men^ armed; 

c, sanctification of first-born; d. bones of 
Joseph with them; e. from Succoth to 
Etham; /. fire and pillar of cloud; g, before 

51 



52 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, 
before Baal Zephon; h, Pharaoh's pursuit — 
600 chariots; i, Israel's cry to Jehovah. 

5. The crossings yiXY. 15-31: ^. assurance of de- 

liverance; b, pillar between the two camps; 
c. Moses' rod over the sea; d, all night wind 
drove back the waters; e. Israel passes over 
on dry land; /. fatal result to the Egyptians; 
g. Israel's strengthened belief in Jehovah. 

6. The route or place of crossing (see Harper, Bible 

and Modern Disc): a. not in N. as advo- 
cated formerly by Brugsch; b, not at present 
N. end of Red Sea; c, but probably at Lake 
Menzarieh; d. three days from Elim. 

7. Moses' Song, xv. 1-21: (2. analyze it care- 

fully; b, chief thought; c, references to out- 
side peoples; d, purpose of the song. 

8. Contemporaneous history: a, waning of Egypt's 

power; b. revolts of their foreign depend- 
encies; c, advantage to Israel of these things. 

9. Ejfects of Bondage on Israel, See Blaikie, chap. 

v., sec. 5. 
Geikie, Hours, vol. ii., chap. 6. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap, v., sees. 4 and 5. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii., chap. 7. 
Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 32. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 5. 
Rawlinson, Life and Times of Moses. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Moses, AaroHy 
Miriain, 



WANDERINGS. 53 

Harper, H. A., Bible and Modern Disc, pp. 77-177 . 

Brugsch, H.^ The Route of the Exodus. And nu- 
merous articles in reviews and maga- 
zines. 

Ebers, George, Durch Gosen zum Sinai. Leipzig, 
1872. 

Birks, T. R., The Exodus of Israel. London, 1863. 

Hengstenberg, E. W., Egypt and the Books of 
Moses. Andover, 1843. 

§31. THE MARCH TO SINAI — EX. XV. 22 — XVIII. 2/. 

1. The wilderness: a. location, boundary, size; b, 

natural features; c. inhabitants, then and to- 
day. 

2. Numbers y condition and spirit of Israel. 

3. Halts at Mar ah ajid Elim, xv. 22-27 , <^- travel 

through Shur (wall); <5.'bitter water made 
sweet at Marah; c. covenant of Jehovah 
there; d, Elim. 

4. In the wilderness of Sin, xvi. 1-36; a. arrival 

on 1 5th day of 2d month; b, murmur of Israel 
against Moses; c, Jehovah's reply; d. quails 
in evening — whence? e. manna in morning 
— its character;/? regulations for gathering it. 

5. In Rephidiin^ xvii. I — xviii. 27: a, no water; b. 

strife of people with Moses; c, Horeb smit- 
ten — water; d. Amalek defiant; e, Israel un- 
der Joshua victorious; f, fate of Amalek pro- 
nounced. 



54 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

6. JetJirOy xviii. 1-27: a. father-in-law to Moses; 

b. Jethro recognizes Jehovah as great; c, ad- 
vises division of labor; d, Moses follows ad- 
vice. 

7. Ancient modes of travel. 

Literature : 
Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chaps. 7 and 8. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 6, sec. i. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii. chaps. 7 and 8. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 6. 

'' Sinai and Palestine, Part I. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 40-45. 
Rawlinson, Moses his Life and Times. 
Bartlett, Forty Days in the Desert. 
Palmer, The Desert of the Exodus, 2 vols. 
Wilson, The Lands of the Bible, vol. i. 
Gage, Studies in Bible Lands. 
Wallace, The Desert and the Holy Land. 

^32. DOINGS AT SINAI IN BOOK OF EXODUS — 
XIX-XL. 

1 . Site of Sinai^ time of arrival ^ and distance from 

Egypt? xix. I, 2. 

2. First doings, xix. 3-25: a, Jehovah appears 

to Moses in mount; b, people covenant with 
Jehovah; c. Jehovah appears to Moses in 
mount second time; d, people sanctified by 
Moses; e. thunderings the third day; /. Jeho- 
vah appears to Moses third time in the 
mount; g, gives charge to the people. 



WANDERINGS. 55 

3. Tcji Cojnuiandmeiits^ xx. 2-17; a, spoken di- 

rectly to the people; b. analyze the command- 
ments;'^, compare them with Deut. v. 6-21; 
d, fear of the people; e. Moses to be the 
mediator between Israel and Jehovah. 

4. Minor laws^ xxi — xxiii. 13, 18-33. ^' servants; 

b, manslaughter; c, stealing; d, unintentional 
acts; e. idolatry, etc., etc. 

5. The feasts^ xxiii. 14-17 ; Lev. xxii ; Num. 

•xxviii-xxx: a. unleavened bread or passover 
— time? <5. first-fruits, or pentecost, or weeks, 
or wheat harvest — time? c. ingatherings or 
tabernacles — time? d. give significance of 
each. 

6. Moses ^ xxiv: a. builds an altar; b. ofi*ers up 

offerings; c. forty days and nights in the 
mount, fourth ascent; d, leaves the people 
with Aaron and Hur. 

7. Tent of meeting y Ex, xxv — xxxi., xxxv — xl: 

( l) Tabernacle. I. Holy of Holies: a. ark; 
^. mercy seat; ^.cherubim. H. Holy place: 
a. altar of incense; b, table and vessels; c. 
candlestick and vessels. HI. Court: ^. great 
altar; b. laver of brass. (2) Priests' gar- 
ments. (3) Oil of anointing. (4) dedication: 

a. time; b, services; c, cloud and glory. 

8. Golden calf,^Y^xA\: a. Moses' delay in the mount; 

b. Israel murmurs; c, calf made by Aaron; 
d, return of Moses; e. breaking of tables; f. 
anger of Jehovah; g, plea of Moses. 



56 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

9. Glory of JcJiovah appears to Moses^ Ex, xxxiii — 
xxxiv: a, intent; b, in cleft of rock; c, Moses 
hews two tables of stone; (^.►ascends (5th 
time) the mount; e. numerous commands for 
Israel; f, face of Moses shines. 
Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chaps. 9 and 10. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 6, sec. 2. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii. chaps. 10-13. 

Humphrey, Sacred History, chap. 23. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 7. 

Rawlinson, Moses his Life and Times. 

Harper, Bible and Modern Discoveries, on Site of 
Sinai. 

Boardman, The Ten Commandments. Phila., 1889. 

Green, W. H., The Hebrew Feasts. 

Feasts in Bib. Diets, arid Encycs. 

§33. DOINGS AND LAWS GIVEN AT SINAI IN LEV. 
AND NUM. I — IX. 

1. Offerings^ Lev. i — x; Num. xvi : (i) Kinds: a, 

sin; b, burnt; c. meal; d, peace; e, guilt or 
trespass. (2) Significance: a. sin — expia- 
tory; b. burnt — self-dedicatory; c. meal and 
(d) peace — thanksgiving; e. trespass — expi- 
atory. Cf. Rom. iii. 25; I Cor. i. 30. 

2. Foods prohibited and permitted^ Lev. xi: (read 

only). 

3. Laws of purification, Lev, xii — -xxii; Num, v. 

xix. 



WANDERINGS. 57 

4. Sabbatical and jubilee years y Lev, xxv: a, laws of 

work; b, laws of redemption; c, application 
to the stranger. 

5 . Enumeration of Israel and order of encampment^ 

Nnm,\ — iv: a, number of Levites; b. work 
of Levites; c order of tribes in camp. 

6. Nazarite voWy Ntcm. v\\ a, special prohibitions; 

b, special work; c. special significance; d. 
some of the greatest Nazarites in history. 

7. Dedication of the altar ^ vii., viii: a, order of 

^ tribes followed; b, sum of offerings; c. cleans- 
ing of the Levites. 

8. First passover observance^ Niim, ix: a, time; b, 

commands; c. accompaniments; d. trumpet 
commands. 

Literature: 

Edersheim, Bib. History, vol. ii. chaps. 14 and 15. 
Feasts, Passover Offering in Bib. Diets, and Encycs. 

§34. FROM SINAI TO THE ARNON — NUM. X. II — 

XXL 13. 

1 . Time of departure and order of March. 

2. First halts, x. 11 — xii:^. Taberah, or Kibrath 

-Hataavah; ^. murmurings of Israel; c. fire 
from Jehovah; d. cry for flesh; e. seventy 
elders appointed; /. prophets in camp; g, 
surfeit of quails; Ji, plague therefrom; i. in 
Hazeroth; 7. Aaron and Miriam against 
Moses; h, Miriam's leprosy. 



58 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

3. Wilderness of Par an ^ xiii— xiv: a, twelve spies 

sent out; b. extent of their search; c. return 
and double report — what was the sin of the 
spies? d, murmur of Israel — will go back to 
Egypt; ^. Jehovah will destroy Israel;/", plea 
of Moses; g. Israel's sentence — to wander 
forty years; h, their anger — set upon the Ca- 
naanites in vain. 

4. KoraJi and his hosty xvi: a. 250 princes against 

Moses and Aaron — ^jealous ambition; b, 
Moses' test of his mission; c, earth swallows 
the host of Dathan and Abiram; d, fire from 
Jehovah on 250 burners of strange incense 
— Korahites. 

5. Priesthood of Levites established, xvii — xviii; a. 

test of the rods; b. budding of Aaron's; c, 
charge of offerings put in Aaron's hands; d, 
tithe of Israel to Levi; e. Levi to give of his 
tithe a tithe. 

6. Wilderness of Zin, xx. 1-13: a. death of Mir- 

iam; b, people murmur for water; c, rock 
smitten; d, Moses and Aaron punished for 
disobedience. 

Probably a blank of thirty-seven years between 
verses ij and 14. of chap, xx. 



Kadesh and Mt, Hor^ xx. 14 — xxi. 3: a, Edom's 
refusal to Israel's request; b. Aaron's death 
and successor; c. Canaanites destroyed by 
Israel. 



WANDERINGS. 59 

8. Hor to Arnon, xxi. 4-15: a. Red Sea — Ezion 
Geber; b. east of Mt. Seir; c. fiery ser- 
pents; d. serpent of brass — use in New Test- 
ament; e. stations near Arnon; /. loca- 
tion of Arnon; g. Book of Wars of Jehovah. 
Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 11. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 6, sec. 3 and 4. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. ii. chaps. 16-21. 

Stanley^ Jewish Church, Lee. 8, i. 

Smith, Old Test. Hist., chap. 13. 

Trumbull, Kadesh Barnea, N[. Y., 1884. 

Price, Ira M., Lost writings quoted and referred to 
in the Old Testament, Bibliotheca Sa- 
cra, April, 1889. 

§35. CONQUESTS EAST OF THE JORDAN — NUM. 

XXI. 13 — XXXVI. 13. 

1. Victory over Sihon, king of the Amorites^ xxi, 

21-32: a, request of Sihon; b, Sihon's refusal 
and charge; c, Israel's victory; d, Heshbon; 
e, ancient poems in verses 27-30. 

2. Victory over Og, king of Bashajt^ xxi. 33-35: 

^. country of Bashan; b. people; c, capital; 
d. Israel's victory. 

3. Story of Balaa7ny xxii: (i). Bamoth Baal: a. 

seven altars; b, offerings; c, parable; d. 
analyze. (2). Pisgah: a. altars; b. offerings: 
c. parable; d. analyze. (3). Peor: a, altars; 



GO OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

b, offerings; c, parable; d. analyze. (4). 
Spirit of Jehovah upon him: a> prophetic 
vision of future events. 

Note — a. the advance in the thought of the four poems; b. 
character of Balaam as depicted in the Bible; c. explain this phe- 
nomenon. 

5. Sin of Israel with Moab^ xxv: a. alliances with 

Baal Peor; b, plague on Israel; c. Eleazar's 
means of staying the same. 

6. Sum of Israely xxvi: a. 601,730 and 23,000 

Levites, cf. with Num. i — iv. 

7. Inheritance of the daughters of Manasseh, xxvii. 

xxxvi: a, among their brethren; b, general 
law of inheritance. 

8. IsraeVs vengeance on the Moabites and Midian- 

iteSy xxxi: a, number of soldiers; b, accom- 
paniments; c. victory and slain — Balaam; d. 
booty — $146,730 in gold. 

9. Allotments to Reuben^ Gad and half -tribe of 

Majiasseh^ ^^xW: a. requests of these three; 
b. conditions of granting their request; c. 
size and boundaries of east of the Jordan. 

10. Cities of Refuge^ :^x.x.v: a, reason for such; b, 

their number; c. location; d, inhabitants; e. 

laws regulating their use. 
Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 12. 
Blaikie, chap. 6, sees. 5 and 6. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 1-3. 



WANDERINGS. 61 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 8 and 9. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 47,48. 
Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, chaps. 7 and 8. 
Merrill, East of the Jordan, N. Y., 1883. 
Thomson, Land and Book, vol. iii. chaps. 12-18. 
Tristram, Land of Moab, N. Y., 1873. 
Porter, Giant Cities of Bashan, N. Y., 1873. 
Schumacher, Across the Jordan, London, 1886. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Balaam, 
Hengstenberg on Balaam^ in Com. on Daniel. 
Wilberforce, Heroes of Hebrew History. 
Each proper name in Bib. Diets, and Encycs. 

^36. FINAL REVIEW AND DEATH OF MOSES — 
DEUTERONOMY. 

1. Review of past forty year s^\ — iii: ^.wilderness 

and Kadesh; b, journey to Arnon and victory 
over Amorites; c, Og smitten, and Joshua 
made successor to Moses. 

2. Exhortations, iv. 1-40. 

3. Cities of refuge east of Jordan y iv. 41-43. 

4. The ten commandments , w. commentary thereon^ 

iv. 44 — xxvi. 19: a. circumstances of delivery; 
b. ten commandments; c, commentary on 
them, V. 22 — xii. 3; d. laws of religion in 
general, xii. 4 — xvi. 17 \ e, laws regulating 
government, xvi. 18 — xxi. 23 ;/. laws regulat- 
ing private and social life, xxii — xxvi; g. cf. 
Ex. xxi-xxiii. 



62 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

5. The blessing and the curse, xxvii — xxx: a. at 

Ebal and Gerizim. 

6. Law in the hands of the Levites, xxxi: a lo 

preserve; b. to read to the people once in 
seven years. 

7. Song of MoseSy xxxii: <^. analyze it; b, its char- 

acter; e. its purpose. 

8. Blessings upon twelve tribes , xxxiii: a, descrip- 

tion or prophecy? b, compare tribe for tribe 
with Gen. xlix; c. do these words accord 
with Israel's subsequent history ? 

9. Moses' ascent to Pisgah and his death^ xxxiv: a 

view of the promised land ; b, death ; c. burial — 
where? ^.successor; ^. Israel's camp, where? 

Literature: 

Additional to §35. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. vi. sees. 7 and 8. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chap. 4. 
Deuterono7ny in Smith Bib. Diet. 
Pisgah '' " '' 

^* Tristram's Land of Moab. 



SIXTH PERIOD. 

CONQUEST. ENTRANCE INTO CANAAN 
TO THE JUDGES, B. C. 1451-1400. 



§37. THE ENTRANCE INTO CANAAN — JOSH. I-IX. 

1. Canaan^ size^ boundary^ contour : see §§2 and 3. 

2. InlLabitants of Canaan: a. in lowlands and high- 

lands; b. religion; c, nationality; d. warlike- 
ness. 

3. Joshua : L a, early life; b. spy; c, warrior.; d. 

devoted to Jehovah; e. Ephraimite. II. a. 
word of Jehovah to Joshua; b. word of Joshua 
to people; c. role of the two and a half tribes 
in the conquest. 

4. Spies despatched to JericJio: a. purpose; b, con- 

dition of people of Jericho ; c, Rahab; d, 
success of the spies. 

5. Crossings iii-iv; Ps. cxiv: a, three days for sanc- 

tification; b. order of crossing; c. twelve 
stones carried out; d, time — lOth day of first 
month. 

6. E7tcampment in Ca7taa7t^ v: a, Gilgal, Hos. iv. 

^S; J^dg. iii. 19, 26; b. rite of circumcision 
renewed, cf. Gen. xvii. 10-14; c. passover 
observed; d. manna ceased, second day after 
passover; e, vision of Joshua. 

63 



64 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

7. Dcstrttction of Jericho^ vi; Ps. xHv. 1-3: a, or- 

der of compassing the city; b, time and re- 
sult on seventh day; c. Rahab saved, Matt, 
i. 5; Heb. xi. 31; Jas. ii. 25 ; <^. curse on re- 
builder of Jericho, cf. i Kings xvi. 34. 

8. Overthrow of Ai^ vii — viii. 29: a. first attack re- 

pulsed; 3, Achan^s sin and punishment; c, 
casting lot — what was it? d, Ai destroyed. 

9. First altar of Israel in Canaan, viii. 30-3 5 : a. of 

unhewn stone; b. according to the law of 
Moses; c. burnt and peace offerings; d. in 
Ebal; e. laws all read. 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 13. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 7, sees, i and 2 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 5-8. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 10. 

Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 51-54. 

Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 16. 

Thomson, Land. and Book, vol. iii. 

Deane, B., Joshua, his Life and Times — Men of 
the Bible Series. 

Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Joshua, 

Joshua in Bible Diet, and Encycs. 

§38. THE SOUTHERN CAMPAIGN — JOSHUA IX — X. 

1. Terror among the nations y ix. i, 2. 

2. Gibeons deceit and success^ \yi, 3-27: a, ambas- 

sador from far-off country — mention only 



CONQUEST. 65 

wars east of Jordan; b. Joshua's compassion 
and treaty; c, consequences to Gibeon; d, 
results to Israel — (cf. 2 Sam. xxi. i-ii). 

3. Conspiracy against Gibeon^ x. 1-5: a, five 

kings combine; b. besiege the fortress of 
Gibeon. 

4. Great battle at Gibeon^ x. 6-14: a. Gibeonites 

call to Joshua; b. Israel's night march; c. 
onset at daybreak with the shout, "God 
is mighty in battle, God is his name;" d. 
defeat and pursuit to Beth-horon; e, hail- 
stones (cf. Judg. iv. I5and v. 21; i Sam. vii. 
10) and victory. 

5. Joshuas prayer^ x. 12, 13: a. sun standing still 

— explanations (cf. Stanley, p. 221 sq. ; Jo- 
sephus V. I, §4); b. book of Jashar (cf. 2 Sam. 
i. 18-27); c. consider that (i) it is poetry (cf. 
Judg. V. 20; Ps. xcviii. 8 ; xcvii. 5 ; Isa. Iv. 12), 
(2) it is a quotation, (3) the doctrine of inspir- 
ation demands only that we have an accurate 
text of the passage quoted, cf. also Geikie, 
vol. ii. p. 417, 

6. Slaughter of the five kings^ x. 16-27: a, Ijidden 

and caught in a cave; b, brought forth and 
trodden upon; c, slain and hanged till eve- 
ning (cf. Deut. xxi. 23); d, buried in the cave. 
8. Further co)iq2iests^ x. 28-43: a. Makkedah; b. 
Libnah; c, Lachish; d, Eglon ; e. Hebron; 
/. South Country; g. Kadesh Barnea to 
Gaza; i. return to Gilgal. 



66 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

8. Cities and kings destroyed, xii. 9-18. 
Literature: 
Additional to §37. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 9 and 10. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 11. 
Price, Lost Writings, etc., Bib. Sacra, April '89, 
on Book of Jashar, 

§39. THE NORTHERN CAMPAIGN — JOSH. XI. 

1. The Northern eovibination, xi. 1-5: a, leader; 

b. composition of the army; c, camp, where? 
d, first mention of Merom; e. peoples and 
lands represented. 

2. Jehovah's command and assurance to Joslma, 

xi. 6. 

3. IsraeVs attack and victory, xi. 7-1 5- <^- sudden 

attack; b, surprise and rout of the enemy; c. 
destruction of horses (first use mentioned) and 
chariots; d. cities and spoil saved, except 
Hazor, but people all destroyed. 

4. Summary of Joshuas conquests, xi. 16-23: a. 

all he met he destroyed, except the Gibeon- 
ites; b. it was of Jehovah; c, Anakim, near 
Hebron, destroyed. 

5. Summary of kings slain, xii. 19-24. 

6. The extermination of the Canaaitites: a. Canaan 

belonged to Jehovah to do as he chose there- 
with; b. providential history proceeds with 
seeming indifference to life — floods,pestilence, 



WANDERINGS. 67 

famine, etc.; c, it was in accordance with an 
explicit command of Jehovah (cf Deut. vii. 
1-5) that they should have been destroyed; 
d. Arnold, in Sermons vi. 35-37 says: "The 
Israelites' sword, in its bloodiest executions, 
wrought a work of mercy to all the countries 
of the earth to the very end of the world. '^ 
LiteraUive: 
Addional to §§37 and 38. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 12. 

On Extermination of the Canaanites consult the 
following: 
Northrup, Dr. G. W., "The Standard," April 21, 

1881. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 11, pp. 223-8. 
Hengstenberg, Genuineness of the Pentateuch, vol. 

ii. pp. 387-417. 
North American Review, 1882. 
Oehler, Old Testament Theology (Day's Trans.), 

pp. 81-85. 
Mozley, Lectures on Old Testament, Lee. 4. 

§40. SETTLEMENT OF THE TRIBES — JOSH. XHI — 

XXII. 

I East of the Jordan^ xiii; Num. xxxii. T-38: a, 
Reuben; b. Gad; c, half-tribe of Manasseh. 

2. Levites and Caleb ^ xiv., xxi: a. Levites in cities 
— 48 and suburbs; b, in cities of refuge (See 
§35^ 10); c. distribution and number west 
of Jordan; d, Caleb's inheritance. 



68 OI>D TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

3. Jiidali.^v. a. boundaries; b. number of cities 

possessed; c. character of territory ; d. chief 
city — Hebron. 

4. Ephrainiy xvi : a. location and boundaries; b. con 

tour of country; c. chief cities — Shiloh and 
Shechem. 

5. Manasseh, xvii: a, adjacent to Ephraim; b. 

boundaries; c, chief city — Samaria. 

6. Tent of meeting located, (xviii. i-io) and twenty 

one surveyors sent out: a, Shiloh, religious 
headquarters; b, seven tribes to be provided 
for. 

7. Benjamin, ^v\\\. 11-28: a, boundaries; b. cities 

by number; c, chief city — Jerusalem. 

8. Simeon, ^\y., 1-9: a. boundaries; b, number of 

citieSc 

9. Zebidon, xix. 10-16: a. boundajfies — no water- 

lines; b, number of cities. 

10. Issachar, xix. 17-23: ^- location; b. boundary; 

c, cities. 

11. As her, xix. 24-31: a, amount of sea coast; b. 

boundary to east; c. cities. 

12. Naphtaliy xix. 32-39: a. sources of Jordan; b. 

bound otherwise; c. cities and villages. 

13. Daji, xix. 40-48: a. exact boundaries; b. size; 

6\ character of the country. 

14. Departure of East-Jordanic tribes, xxii: a. 

Joshua's charge; b. altar built at Jordan; 
c, suspicions and wrath of West-Jordanic 
tribes; d. interview results in peace. 



CONQUEST. 69 

15. Draw a tribal uiap of Palestine^ ijidicating for 
eacli tribe: a. boundaries; b. chief cities; c, 
principal mountain points. 
Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. latter part of chap. 13. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 7, sec. 3. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 11 and 12. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 12. 

Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 55-59. 

Osborn's Map of Palestine. 

Joshua, His Life and Times, Men of Bible Series. 

§il. JOSHUA'S DEPARTURE AND CONDITION OF 
THE LAND. — JOSHUA XXIII — XXIV. 

1. Joshua'^ s parting wordsy xxiii: a, allotment of 

nations to Israel; b, observe the law of Moses; 
c, courage and victory consequent on obedi- 
ence; d, alliance with these peoples is de- 
struction; e, God's promises to me are ful- 
filled; /. \{ you forsake God, destruction will 
follow. 

2. Joshua^ s historic revieiv and covenant^ xxiv. 2-28 : 

a, outline history from Abraham to present; 

b. call to put away other gods; c, people re- 
solve to serve Jehovah; d. Joshua's denial 
and covenant; e. stone set up as a w^itness. 

3. Joshuas death, xxiv. 29-30; Judg ii. 6-10: a, 

no years old; b. buried in Timnath-Serah 
in Ephraim. 



70 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

4. Burial of JoscpICs bones y xxiv. 32: a, brought 

from Egypt; b. buried in Shcchem; c. other 
sacred associations at Shechem. 

5. Tribes all settled: a, east of Jordan — which 

ones? b. west of Jordan — which? c. location 
of each tribe. 

6. Remains of unconqitered peoples^ J^dg. i: a. 

fortresses — in which tribes? b, towns; c. mi- 
grations — according to tradition. 

7. Some results of tlie conquest: a. settlement of 

Israel as a nation; b. living and constant 
contact with the Canaanites; c. establishment 
of law^s of inheritance, etc., cf. Boaz, Ruth, 
Barzillai and Naboth. 

Liter attire: 
Additional to ^40 : 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 7, sec. 4. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chap. 12. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Joshua, 

§42. SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE CONQUEST. — JUDCx. 
I., XVII — XXI. 

1. Conquests of Judahy Simeon and Josepli, i: a, 

against Adoni-bezek; b. Jerusalem; c. Ca- 
naanites; d. Bethel. 

2. Danite migration ^ xvii., xviii: a. Micah; b. 

kind of idolatry rife; c. the Levite; d. his 
employer; e. Danite spies; f, result of their 
trip; g, advance of the army and robbery of 
Micah; //. new territory acquired, and its 
boundaries — Laish, Dan. 



CONQUEST. 71 

3. Civil wary xix — xxi: a. cause (cf. i Sam. xi. 

7), revealing corruptness of Israel; b, national 
indignation; c. assembly at Mizpeh; /^. 400,- 
000 men against Benjamin; e. repulses of 
Israel; /. defeat of Benjamin and reduction 
to 600; g. means of finding wives for these. 

4. Israels tendency to idolatry in Judges due to: a. 

ease in quiet homes; b, language common 
with the Canaanites; c, intermarriage with 
Canaanites; d, want of a leader — no central 
power; e. lack of defenses — no army organi- 
zation. 

5. Ancient seats of worship: a. Mt. Carmel; b, 

Mt. Tabor; c. Baal-gad; d. Bethel. 

6. Seats of worship at this time (cf. Zech. x. 2; 

Hos. iii. 4; 2 Kings xxiii. 24; I Sam. xix. 

16): a, in every home; b, with teraphim, etc.; 

c, attended by a priest; d, in imitation of 

the Canaanites. 

Literature: 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 8, sees. 2 and 3. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 13 and 21. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 13, sees, i, 4-6. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., p. 61. 



SEVENTH PERIOD. 

JUDGES. RULE OF JUDGES TO ESTAB- 
LISHMENT OF KINGDOM. B. C. 

1400 — 1095. 



SEVEN OPPRESSIONS AND FIFTEEN JUDGES. 



^^43. FIRST THREE OPPRESSIONS AND THREE 
JUDGES. — JUDGES II. II — III. 3 I. 

1. Introduction to this Period^ \\. 11 — iii. 6: a, Is- 

rael did evil — served other gods; b. anger of 
Jehovah against Israel; c. purpose of Jeho- 
vah in leaving unconquered peoples in the 
land, iii. 1-6. 

2. Mesopotamian invasion, iii. 7-11: a, home of 

oppressors; b. king of oppressors; c. length 
of time of oppression; d. deliverers; c. peace 
for 40 years. 
Otkniel^ first ]ndgQy of Judah. 

3. Moabite oppression^ iii. 12-30: a, Moab, with 

Ammon and Amalek, smite Israel and take 
Jericho; b, separate homes of these peoples; 
c, king of Moab; d. years of oppression; e. 
Ehud, of Benjamin, slew Eglon; /. slaughter 
at Jordan — how great? g, land had rest 80 
years. 

72 



JUDGES. 73 



Ehud, second ]wAg^, of Benjamin. 

4. First PJiilistine oppression^ iii. 31. 

Slianigar^ third ]\idgQy deliverer. 



Reviezv: Give of the three oppressions: a, op- 
pressor; b, length of oppression; c, deliverers; d, 
time of rest. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 14 and part of 15. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 8, sec. i. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chap. 14. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 14 in part. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 61, 62. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 8, 
Expositor's Bible, Judges and Ruth. 

§44. CANAANITE AND MIDIANITE OPPRESSIONS. — 
JUDGES IV — VIII. 

I. Canaanite oppression^ iv: a, oppressors — na- 
tives of the land; b, 20 years oppression; c. 
army of 900 chariots of iron; d, Deborah, of 
Ephraim, arouses Barak, of Naphtali; e. Is- 
sachar, Zebulon and Naphtali at Tabor meet 
and rout the host of Sisera; f, storm aids; g. 
Jael's murder of Sisera; h. *'God subdued 
Jabin, the king of Canaan;" /. land had rest 
40 years;/, similar battles in history, (i) 
Cressy, (2) Timoleon against the Carthagin- 
ians. 



74 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Deborah^ fourth ]udgQ^ of Ephraim. 

2. Deborah's song^ v: analyze, noting a. the pre- 

lude; b. reference to exodus; <;. dismay of Is- 
rael; d. change; ^.assembling oftroops;/*. rec- 
reants who did not appear;^, battle and flight; 
h. destroyer; i. mother in anxiety;/, the tri- 
umph. 

3. Midiaiiite oppression^ v\ — viii: a, Amalek, Mid- 

ian and children of the East oppress Israel 
seven years; b, Israel's abject cowardice: (i) 
hidden in rocks, (2) caves, (3) strongholds; 
c. a prophet appears; d. Gideon's call: (i ) the 
angel, (2) offering of Gideon, (3) altar built; 
e, destruction of Baal worship;/, evidence of 
truth of God's word — fleece; g. army called: 
(i) faint-hearted return, (2) lappers only re- 
main — 300; h. dream of the Midianite; i. vic- 
tory of 300; j. results: (i) attempt to estab 
lish a royal line, (2) teraphim made of the 
spoils — Gideon its priest, (3) Gideon polyga- 
mous, (4) leads Israel astray, (5) land had 
rest 40 years. 
Gideon, fifth judge, of Manasseh. 

4. Abimelech, ix: a. son of a maid of Shechem; 

b. appears to Shechemites for his claim; 

c, is granted a subsidy; d, slays seventy 
brethren, except Jotham; e, Jotham 'sparable, 
first in history (olive, fig, vine, bramble); /. 
Abimelech made king in Shechem; g. rules 



JUDGES. 75 

three years; h. fights three battles — Shechem 
assaulted; i, slain by a millstone dropped by 
a woman at Thebez. 
Abivtelechy sixth judge, of Manasseh. 



Review: Give a. location of the oppressors; b. 
time; c. severity of the oppression; d. deliverer in 
each case. 

Judges thus far: i. Othniel; 2. Ehud; 3. Sham- 
gar; 4. Deborah (and Barak) : 5. Gideon; 6. Abim- 
"* elech. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chaps. 15 and 16 in part. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 8, sec. i. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 15-17. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 14 in part and 15. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., p. 62. 
Thomson, Land and Book, vol. ii. p. 179 sq. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Jael^ Deborah^ 

Gideon. 
Mozley, Lectures on the Old Testament, Lees. 6 

and 7. 
Expositor's Bible, Judges and Ruth, 

§45. AMMONITE AND PHILISTINE OPPRESSIONS. — 
JUDGES X — XI. 

I. Tola, seventh judge , of Issachar^ x. i, 2\ a. 
abode in Shamir of Ephraim; b. judged Is- 
rael 23 years, • 



76 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

2. Jair, eighth judge, Gileadite^ x. 3-5: a. had 30 

sons who rode 30 ass-colts; b, had 30 cities; 
c. judged Israel 22 years. 

3. Ammonite oppression^ y.. 6 — xii. 7: a. Israels 

idolatry; b. oppression 18 years; c. distress 
of Israel; d. Jehovah's message and Israel's 
resolve at Mizpeh; e, Jephthah chosen as 
leader;/, his conditional acceptance; ^. mes- 
sage to Amnion and reply; //. Jephthah's 
vow; i. slaughter — 20 cities; j, reception at 
home; k. daughter's valor and lament; /. vow 
performed (cf. §24. 8); m, memorial four 
days in the year; n, Jephthah's slaughter cf 
the jealous Ephraimites — Shibboleth test. 
Jephthah^ ninth judge, six years. 

4. Compare the characters of Gideon and Jephthah. 

5. Ibzan, tenth Judge y of Bethlehem, x.\\, ^-\o: a, 

had 30 sons and 30 daughters; b. judged Is- 
rael seven years. 

6. Elon^ eleve^ith judge y of Zebulon, x. 11, 12: 

judged Israel ten years. 

7. Abdon, twelfth judge y of Ephraiiriy xii. 13-15: 

a. had 40 sons and 30 grandsons, who rode 
on 70 asses; b. judged Israel eight years. 

8. Samson y of Dan, and the Philistine oppression y 

(40 years), xiii — xvif a. appeal of Manoah; 

b. angel of Jehovah; c, birth of Samson; d, 
spirit of Jehovah upon him; e. finds a wo- 
man in Timnath; /. kills a lion;^. wedding- 



JUDGES. 77 

feast; //. riddle; i. solution, and slaughter 
of the Ashkelonites; /. wife given av;ay 
and grain burnt by 300 jackals; k, hides 
in Etam; /. Israel delivers him iip — slays 
1000 Philistines with the jaw-bone of an ass; 
m, carries off gates of Gaza; n. Delilah's 
treachery, Samson's humility; 0, final Philis- 
tine clown and destroyer; p. judged Israel 20 
years. 
SamsoHy thirteenth ]\xdgQy of Dan. 

Note — Samson the first recorded Nazarite. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. ii. chap. 16; vol. iii. chap. i. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chaps. 18-20. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 16. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chaps. 18 and 19. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 63, 64. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Jephthah, Sam- 
son and Delilah. 
Expositor's Bible, Judges and Ruth. 

§46. RUTH. — RUTH I — IV. 

1. Time: a, when judges judged; ^. famine in land 

c, mention other famines already met in our 
study. 

2. Emigratio7i to Moab: a. names of persons; J). 

alliances made there; c. fatalities. 

3. Return to Israel: a. report of plenty; b. Na- 

omi's company and request; c. Orpah obeys, 



78 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Ruth clings to her mother-in-law; d. arrival 
at Bethlehem. 

4. Court transactions: a, Ruth gleans in Boaz's 

field; b. received with favor; c, promise of 
Boaz; d. redemption council; e. nearest kins- 
man failing, Boaz redeems; /. attestation by 
an old shoe; g, Ruth becomes wife of Boaz. 

5. Purpose of t lie book: a. give us a charming do- 

mestic incident in the midst of the dark 
ages of the judges; b, beautiful and vivid 
picture of one of the ancestors of our Lord 
(iv. 18-22). 

6. Co7npare this book with Esther. 

Literature: 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 8, sec. 3 (4). 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iii. chap. 21. 
Geikie, Old Testament Characters, on Ruth, 
Expositor's Bible, Judges and Ruth. 
Ruthy in Bib. Diets, and Encycs. 

§47. ELI AND THE FALL OF SHILOH. — I SAM. 

I. 7 — II. 

1. First appearance of Eli ^ i. 9, 14-17: a, priest at 

door of temple of Jehovah; b, rebuking 
Hannah; c, favorable answer to Hannah. 

2. Sons of Eli/n, 12-17,22-25: a. sons of Belial, 

(i) in priest's office, (2) in private life; b. Eli's 
mild rebuke; c. Eli's sin (vs. 29). 

3. Message of Man of God^ ii. 27-36: a. God's 



JUDGES. 79 

past goodness disregarded; b, certain down- 
fall of Eli's house; c. a faithful priest to rise 
up; d. sure house and faithful service for- 
ever (cf. xvi. 13; I Chron.xvii.13 ;Ps. xcix. 6). 

4. Visions of Samuel for Eli^ iii. 11-18: a. curse 

on Eli's house because of his lack of restraint 
of his sons; b. curse not to be purged by 
sacrifice; c. Eli's submission. 

5. Loss of the ark and Eli 's death, iv. i-i 8 : a, Israel 

loses 4,000 men in the first battle with the 
Philistines; b. Philistines capture the ark in 
second battle and slay Eli's sons; c. Philistines 
supposed they had captured Jehovah (cf Ro- 
sea x. 6; Isa. xlvi. i; Jer. xlviii. 7; xlix. 3; 
Dan. xi. 8); d, sad news breaks Eli's heart 
and neck; e. 98 years old;/, judge 40 years. 
Eli^ four tee72th ]udgQy a Levite. 

6. Shiloh: a, what became of the tabernacle (cf. 2 

Chron. i. 5 ; v. 5)? b, where did Samuel go? 
c. was Shiloh laid waste by the Philistines 
(Ps. Ixxviii. 60,67; J^^- vii. 12,14; cf. I 
Kings xi. 29)? 

7. The ark in Philistia and returned, v. i — vii. 2: 

a. at Ashdod, (i ) Dagon humbled, (2) plague 
of tumors, (3) ark sent to Gath; b, at Gath, 
(2) city smitten, (2) tumors on all; c, at 
Ekron, (i) plague follows, (2) priests advise 
return with a guilt offering; d. returned to 
Beth-shemesh, (i) cart and cows, (2) go 



80 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

straight ahead; e, fatality in Beth -shemesh; 

f, ark in Kirjath-jearim twenty years. 
Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps, i in part and 2. 
Blaikie, Manual, pp. 205-6. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 1-3. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 17. 

0. T. Student, Sept. 1887, pp. 27-30. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Eli. 
Expositor's Bible, First Samuel. 

§48. SAMUEL AS JUDGE AND RULER TO ACCES- 
SION OF SAUL.^I SAM. I — XL 

1. Hannah^ s victory^ i: a. request; b, promise; c, 

son — Nazarite (cf. §33, 6); d, consecration 
at Shiloh. 

2. Hajinalis prayer^ ii. (cf. Anna, in Tobit. i. 9; 

Luke ii. 36): a. analyze it; b. similar song 
Luke i. 46-55, 67-79; c, first individual {jiot 
national) song. 

3. SamtieTs ministry with Eli^ iii. i — iv. i: a. 

thrice called; b. God's curse on Eli; c, Sam- 
uel established as a prophet; d. revelations 
to him for Israel. 

4. After tiventy years' silence, Samuel isjudge^ vii. 

3-14: a. host at Mizpeh turn to Jehovah 
(pour out water, cf. Josh. vii. 5; Ps. xxii. 14; 
Lam. ii. 19); b. Samuel cries to Jehovah 
against the Philistines; c, Jehovah thundered 



f 



JUDGES. 81 

against the Philistines with a mighty storm; d. 
Eben-ezer set up. 

5. Samuel is circuit Judge^ vii. 15 — viii, 22: a, altar 

andhome in Ramah; b. annual circuit, Bethel, 
Gilgal, and Mizpeh; c, his sons pervert judg- 
ment in Beer-sheba; d. demand of the people 
for a king; e, Jehovah's answer to Samuel; 
/. second demand and Jehovah's command 
that Samuel make them a king. 

6. Samuers earlier relations to SaiU^\yi, i — xi. 13: 

a. Saul and the lost asses; b, Samuel anoints 
Saul king; c. Samuel assembles the people at 
Mizpeh, and Saul chosen by lot; d, Sam- 
uel's part in the Ammonite war. 
Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chap. 3. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 1-3 in part, 

all of 4-6. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 18 and 19. 
Samuel and Saul, Men of Bible Series. 
Edersheim, Prophecy and History in relation to the 

Messiah, Lee. 2. 
Briggs, Messianic Prophecy, chap. 5, §40. 
Expositor's Bible, First Samuel. 

§49. SAMU-EL UNDER A KING, SAUL. — I SAM. 

XII., XIII. 8-15; XV., XVI. 1-13; XIX. 18-22. 

I. SamucVs address^ xii: a, Saul made king in 
Gilgal; ^.Samuel retires because (i) Israel 
has a king, (2) he is old; c, challenge to im- 



82 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

peach his past honesty; d, epitome of past 
mercies upon penitent idolaters; e, king set 
up at people's request; /. favor of God de- 
pendent on obedience; g. thunder of God's 
anger against sin; h, Samuel's prayer with- 
out ceasing. 

2. SamuePs rebuke of Saul, xiii. 8-15: a. at Gil- 

gal in presence of Philistine army; b. first 
prophecy of downfall of his kingdom; c. 
command to smite Amalek; d, disobedience 
condemned; e, Saul's penitence unrewarded, 
downfall of his kingdom prophesied second 
time. 

3. Samuel anoints a seco7id king^ David^over Israel 

— xvi. I- [ 3 : a. Jehovah rejects Saul ; b. Samuel 
visits Jesse at Bethlehem to sacrifice; c, of 
eight sons, Jehovah chooses the youngest, 
David; d. Samuel anoints him successor to 
Saul; e. spirit of Jehovah on David; /. Sam- 
uel goes to Ramah. 

4. Samuel in Ramali, xix. 18-22: a, his home, 

altar and place of worship (vii. 1 7): b. Samuel 
head of the school of prophets (xix. 20); c. 
Ramah prophetic headquarters; d, David es- 
capes to Samuel; e. Saul likewise falls in with 
same spirit of prophesying; /. Samuel died 
in Ramah (xxv. i) mourned for by all Israel. 

5. Charaeter of the period : a, end of the theoc- 

racy, beginning of the monarchy; b. blend- 



JUDGES. 83 

ing of worship in Shiloh with new order of 
priests; c. beginning of the order of prophets 
— schools; d, water-shed between darkness 
and light; e. water-shed between oppression 
and peace. 

6. Chai'acter of Samuel and his place in history: 

a. a Levite, his grandson was Heman the sing- 
er,! Chron.vi.28,33; ^.awriter,! Sam. x. 25; i 
Chron. xxix. 29; c. judge; d, priest; e. pro- 
phet; /. anointed Saul and David; g, estab- 
lished schools of prophets; h. influence re- 
cognized in later times, cf. i Chron. xi. 3; ix. 
22; xxvi. 28; i, compare him with Moses, 
Jer. XV. i; Ps. xcix. 6; 2 Chron. xxxv. 18. 

7. SamneVs appearance to the witch of Endor^ 

xxviii.3-25. 

8. Locate the geographical points of this section: a, 

Gilgal; /5. Bethlehem; c. Ramah; d, Mizpeh; 

e, Endor. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chap. 4 (pp. 40-92). 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 9, sec. i. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 7-9. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 18 and 19. 
Smith, Old Test History, chap. 19. 
Samuel and Saul, Men of Bible Series. 
Blaikie, Expositor's Bible, First Samuel. 
Price, Ira M., Schools of the Sons of the Prophets, 

Old Test. Student, March '89. 
Magic, in Smith's Bible Dictionary. 
Geikie, O. T. Characters, on SamueL 



EIGHTH PERIOD. 

THE KINGDOM. ESTABLISHMENT TO 
DISRUPTION. B.C. 1095-975. 



^50. SAUL'S SANE CAREER — I SAM. IX — XVIII.. 

1. Discovery, anointing and election, ix-x.26: a. 

man of God — Samuel; b. events of the feast; 
c. Saul anointed; d. Saul among prophets 
(cf. xix. 18-24); ^- elected by lot — what was 
the lot? 

2. Ammonite war^ xi: a, location and territory of 

Ammonites; b. ancestry; <:. call of East-Jor- 
danic peoples for help; d. Saul's response 
and victory; e. confirmed as king of Israel. 

3. First Philistine invasion^ xiii: a. Israel 3,000 

men; b, Philistine outposts; c. Jonathan's 
victory over outpost at Geba; d, Philistine 
army 30,000 chariots, 6,000 horsemen , people 
as sand on the sea — encamped at Michmash; 
e, Israel's flight to Gilgal; /. Saul's sacrilege; 
g. Samuel's rebuke and prophecy; //. Philistine 
guerillas — three bands ; i. Israel without 
arms. 

4. SaiiVs victory, ^\w. 1-46: a, Jonathan's strategy 

and success; h, general flight of Philistines; 
c. Saul's vow — cause of it; d. Jonathan the 

84 



THE KINGDOM. 85 

only violator; e. Saul's first altar, and sacrifice 
by the people; f. Jonathan saved from death 
by the people. 

5. SaiiVs minor warSy xiv. 47-48: I. a, Moab, cf. 

Gen. xix. 3.7 ; b. Ammon, Gen.xix. 38, cf. chap, 
xi ; c. Edom, cf. xxi. 7 ; xxii. 9, 1 8 ; d, Zobah 
— extreme north; e. Philistines. II. a. loca- 
tion; b. ancestry; c. character of people; d, 
relations to Israel of each of the above- 
mentioned peoples. 

6. Atnalekite war^ xv: a, wholesale slaughter com- 

manded — why? b, not executed; c, Saul's 
equivocal reply to Samuel; d. Samuel's an- 
nouncement of a great truth (xxii. 23); e. 
second prophecy of end of Saul's kingdom; 
/. Saul's penitence unrewarded; g. Samuel 
hews Agag to pieces. 

7. Seco7id PhilistiJie war, xvii-xviii. 5 : d, location; 

b, Israel defied forty days; c, David's deliv- 
erance of Israel; d. reward given — court 
favors; e. covenant of David and Jonathan. 
Literature: 

Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 65,66. 

Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chap. 4. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 9, sec. i. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 7-10. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 21. 

Smith, O. T. History, chap. 20 in part. 

Samuel and Saul, Men of Bible Series. 



86 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Blaikie, Expositor's Bible, First Samuel. 

0. T. Student, Oct. 1887, pp. 53-57. 
Oehler, O. T. Theology, ^§164, 194. 
Delitzsch, History of Redemption, p. 84 sq. 
Geikie, Old Testament Characters, on SaiiL 

§51. SAUL'S INSANE CAREER. — XVI. 14-23; XVIII. 

6 — XXVI. 25, 28, 31. 

1. Evil spirit upon Satdy xvi. 14-2;^: a. musician 

David sought out; d. David made his ar- 
mourbearer; harmonize xvi. 14-23 with §50.7. 

2. SmiVs jealousy y xviii. 6 — xix. 10: a. 2X David's 

popularity; b. Saul attempts to entrap and 
kill David, (/) by his spear — twice, {2) by 
his daughters, (j) by the Philistines. 

3. SatiTs first ptcrsuit of David, xix. 11-24: a. 

messenger deceived by Michal; b. David's 
flight to Ramah to Samuel; c. Saul's three 
sets of messengers sent to take David, pro- 
phesy; d, SauPs attempt to capture David, 
results in his prophesying. 

Note — Naioth=buildings, college buildings? 

4. SauVs second pursuit of David^ xx-xxiv: a. 

Jonathan's test of Saul's purpose toward Da- 
vid; b, feast and SauPs anger at Jonathan; 
c, arrows, and parting of Jonathan and Da- 
vid ; d. David's flight and hiding places: (/) 
Nob: {a ) shevv-bread, {b ) sword of Goliath, 
[c ) Doeg, the Edomite of Saul's guard; {2) 



THE KINGDOM. 87 

Gath: [a ) Fear of Phil., (<5 ) madness feigned; 
(j) cave of AduUam: {a) his family there, 
{b ) 400 men there; (/) Mizpeh of Moab, {a ) 
prophet Gad appears, {b ) David in the hold; 
(5) forest of Hereth, Saul at home has priests 
slain by Doeg the Edomite; (S) Keilah, 
David routs the Philistines in battle; (7 
Ziph; ((?) Maon, Saul surrounds David 
but a Philistine raid calls him home; (p) 
Engedi: {a ) Saul in David's hands, but 
spared, {b ) Saul's penitence and forgiveness, 
[c ) Saul returns in peace. 

5. Saul's third pursuit of David ^ xxvi: a. hill of 

Hachilah; b, David takes Saul's cruse and 
spear; c, Saul forgives David, and returns 
never again to see him. 

6. Saul's inquiries of the witch of Endor^ xxviii: 

a. Philistines pitched in Shunem, Israel in 
Gilboa; 3. Saul's former treatment of witches 
(vss. 3, 9); c, Jehovah answered him not by 
dreams, Urim or prophets; d. appeal to the 
witch of Endor; e. Samuel, not at the call of 
the witch^ appears; f. prophecy of Israel's 
defeat; g, Saul's humility; h. explain ''to- 
morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me." 

7. SauVs death on Gilboa^ xxxi: a, suicide in de- 

feat; b. body and armor distributed in Phil- 
istia; c. people of Jabesh burn and bury 
SauPs and his sons* bones. 



88 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

8. Character of the period: a, religious condition 

of the times, cf. xvi. 1-6; xix. 18-24; xix. 13 ; 
XV., xxiii., XX. 18, 24-29; xxi. 1-9; xxii. 6- 
19; /5. political condition, cf. xi., xiii., xiv., 
XV., xxxi. 

9. Character of Saul: a, religious, xiv^ 18, 19; 

xiv. 24, cf. with xiv. 31-35; xiv. 36-44. 

(/) not converted — had simply a religious 
impulse. 

(^) opposition to prophets, cf. xv., xxviii, 6. 

(j) names of his sons: Jonathan = gift of 
Jehovah; Melchi-shua=help of Mo- 
loch; Merib-baal = strife of Baal. 

(^) superstitious. 

(5) jealousy, insane-madness. 

10. Follozu carefully and locate Davids hiding- 

places i7i his flights before Saul. Give events 
at each point; cf. Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. 
Geog. pp. 66^ 6y , 

Literature: 
Same as §50 and additional thereto: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iii., chap. 5. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv., chaps. 11-14. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog. pp. 66, 67. 

%^'i. DAVID'S PRE-REGAL CAREER. — I SAM. XVI- 
XXX; I CHRON. XI. 10 — XII. 20. 

I. Prophecies concerning David: a, i Sam. xiii. 14; 
b, I Sam. XV. 28. 



THE KINGDOM. 89 

2. Discovery ^ anointing and favor of David^ xvi: 

See §49. 3. 

3. David's victory over Goliatli^ xvii. 12-58: a. 

method of fighting; b, result (/) to Israel, (^) 
to David himself. See ^50. 7. 

4. SauPs jealousy ^ xviii. 6 — xix. 10: See §51. 2. 

5. David's first flight before Satil^xA:^, 11-24. See 

§51. 3. 

Note. — (i) Gaul's attempted capture of David produces prophets, 
(2) Saul himself becomes a prophet. 

6. David's second flight before Sanl^x.^-x.x.iw: See 

§51. 4. 

7. David's treatment of Nabal, xxv: a, David's 

request, why made? b. refused and trouble 
averted only by Abigail; c, death of Nabal 
and disposal of Abigail. 

8. David's third flig/it before Saul, xxvi: See 

§51. 5. 

9. David's sojourn in Philistia, xxvii-xxviii. 2: 

a in favor with king Achish; b. given Ziklag, 
his army here, i Chron. xii. 1-7; r. David 
raided country toward the southwest, destroy- 
ing all; d, deceived Achish. 

10. David in the Philistine army against Israel, xxix 

-XXX : a, David and his men follow in rear; 
b. princes object and David returns; c. finds 
Ziklag destroyed — by whom? d, recovers 
captives; e, division of spoil among his ben- 
efactors. 



90 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

1 1 . Locate every geographical point here mentioned, 

12. Probable Psalms of tliis period', a, of shepherd 

life, Pss. viii. xxi. xxiii. xxix; b, flight from 
Saul, vi. vii. lix. Ivi. xxxiv; c, wanderings, 
xviii. xl. lii. liv. Ivii. Ixiii. cxlii. 
Literature : 

Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. 6 and 7. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 9. sec. 2. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 10-14. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 22. 

Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 66^6t, 

Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 20. 

Old Test. Student, Oct. 1887. 

Edersheim, Prophecy and History in Relation to 
the Messiah, pp, 183-190. 

Delitzsch, History of Redemption, pp. 84-94. 

Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Z^^z//^//^^? Shepherd^ 
Goliath, 

§53. DAVID'S PROSPEROUS REIGN. — 2 SAM. I — XI. 
i; XII. 26-31; I CHRON. XI. I — XX. 8. 

I. Call to the kingdom over Judah^ 2 Sam. i-ii. 4: 
a. Amalekite's report of Saul's death; b, Da- 
vid's sorrow and lament in book of Jasliar — 
analyze this song; c, Jehovah commands 
David to go up to Hebron; d, anointed 
king over house of Judah; e. David's kind- 
ness to Saul's remains (cf. also 2 Sam. xxi. 
12-14). 



THE KINGDOM. 91 

2. Dual kvigdoin attempted^ 2 Sam. ii. 8 sq. : a. Ab- 

ner anoints Ish-bosheth king over Israel at 
Mahanaim; b, war between Joab, of Judah, 
and Abner, of Israel, at pool of Gibeon — re- 
sult? c. David became stronger, house of 
Saul weaker; d, peace between Abner and 
David; e. treachery of Joab, murder and 
burial of Abner; /. weakness and murder of 
Ish-bosheth; g, David's punishment of the 
murderers. 

3. David king over all Israel^ in Jernsalem^ 2 Sam. 

v., vi; I Chron. xi., xii.,xiv: a. David made 
king by all Israel in Hebron; b. his army in 
Hebron, i Chron. xi. 10 — xii. 40; c. his con- 
quest of Jebus; d, relations to Hiram of Tyre; 
• e, David's polygamy; f. victories over the 
Philistines. 

4. Establishment of worship in Jertcsalent, 2 Sam. 

vi; I Chron. xiii.,xv: a. ark to Jerusalem: 
(i) from Kirjath-jearim to house of Obed- 
edom, (2) fatality to Uzzah (cf. Num. iii. 29- 
31; iv. 5, 15, 19, 20), (3) to Jerusalem with 
music; b. sacrifices and blessings of David; 
c, ordination of singers, i Chron. xvi. (cf. 
Pss. cv. 1-15; xcvi. 1-13; cvi. i, 47, 48). 

5 . David's division of labor iii tJie service of Jehovah^ 

I Chron. xxiii — xxvii: a. 38,000 Levites: (i) 
24,000 to oversee work of house of Jehovah, 
(2) 6,000 officers and judges, (3) 4,000 door- 



92 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

keepers, (4) 4,000 musicians; b. Asaph, He- 
man and Jeduthun prophesy with harps, 
psalteries and cymbals — 228 singers, chap. 
XXV ; c. doorkeepers, sons of Korah and 
and Merari; d, treasurer — Ahijah; e, officers 
and judges west of Jordan, 1700; /. east of 
Jordan, 2700; g. 12 captains, each one month 
in a year; h. princes of 12 tribes; i. David's 
cabinet, xxvii. 25-31. 

6. Natha7ts appearance and p7'ophecy,2 SdiVa. vii; 

I Chron. xvii: a. Nathan's own advice an- 
nulled by Jehovah; b. David's seed to build 
a house to Jehovah; c. David's throne to be 
established forever; d, David's humble 
prayer. 

7. David's foreign conquests^ 2 Sam. viii; i Chron. 

xviii: a, Philistines, viii. i; b. Moab, viii. 2; 
c. Hadadezer of Zobah, viii. 3-8: (i) Syrians, 
(2) Betah and Berothai, of Hadadezer; d. 
ToiofHamath; e, Edom. - 

8. David^s kindness to the house of Saul ^ 2 Sam. 

ix. 

9. Provoked foreign wars, 2 Sam. x.,xi. i; i 

Chron. xix., xx: a, Ammon leagued with 
Syria; b. Syria beyond the river; c. siege of 
Rabbah, i Chron. xx. 1-3; 2 Sam. xii. 26-31. 

10. Locate on the map all places and peoples in this 

section. 



THE KINGDOM. 93 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. 8-10. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 9, sec. 3. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 15-18. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 23. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 69, 70. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 21. 
Deane, David, His Life and Times, Men of Bible 

Series. 
Old Test. Student, Oct. 1887. 
Taylor, W. M., David, King of Israel, N. Y. 
Krummacher, David, King of Israel, Edinburgh, 

1867. 
Geikie, O. T. Characters, on David the Psalmist. 
Price, Bibliotheca Sacra, April 1889, on Book of 

Jashar. 
Expositor's Bible, Second Samuel. 

§54. DAVID'S CALAMITOUS REIGN. — 2 SAM. XI. 2 
— I KINGS II. 11; I CHRON. XXI., XXVII. 

— XXXI. 30. 

1. David's great sin, 2 Sam. xi. 2 — xii. 31, {not 

in Chron.): a. adultery with Bath-sheba; b. 
murder of Uriah; c, Bath-sheba becomes 
David's wife; d, Nathan's parable; e, David's 
penitence (cf. Ps. li.); /. sorrow at the death 
his child; g. his hope. 

2. Sin in David's household, 2 Sam. xiii., xiv: a. 



94 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Amnon's intrigue and sin; b. Absalom's 
feast and murder of Amnon; c. flight of Ab- 
salom to Geshur; d, Joab's scheme and Ab- 
salom's return; e. David's and Joab's insults 
to Absalom; /. David and Absalom recon- 
ciled. 

3. Absalom^ s revolt and David's fiight^ 2 Sam. 

XV — xvii. 23: a. David's part in causing this; 
b. Absalom's device at the gates; c. con- 
spiracy at Hebron; d. David's flight: (i) 
Ittai, (2) ark returned, (3) Hushai sent back 
as a spy, (4) Ziba, (5) Shimei, kin of Saul; 
e, Absalom in Jerusalem: (i) Hushai's de- 
ceit, (2) Ahithophel'sevil counsel(cf xvii.i sq. 
(3) Hushai's preferred counsel, (4) Ahithophel 
hangs himself (cf. Judas Iscariot, in Matt, 
xxvii. 5.) 

4. Battle of the tzvo armies and the result ^ 2 Sdim. 

xvii. 24 — xix. 43: a. Absalom's army under 
Amasa inGilead; b, David's kind reception at 
Mahanaim; e, charge of David to Joab, Abi- 
shai and Ittai, commanders; d. battle and 
death of Absalom; e, courier; /. David's la- 
ment; g. Joab rebukes David; h. David's re- 
turn to Jerusalem: (i) David's word to the 
priests, (2) Shimei, (3) Mephibosheth, (4) Bar- 
zillai, (5) the quarrel over David. 

5. Civil zvar, murder, famiiie, zvars ivith the Phil- 

istineSy 2 Sam. xx., xxi: a. Sheba, son of 



THE KINGDOM. 95 

Bichri, slain at Abel; b. Joab's murder of 
Amasa; c, famine and demands of Gibeon- 
ites; d. David's reverence for Saul's remains; 
e, four wars against the Philistines, 2 Sam. 
xxi. 15-22; I Chron. xx. 4-8. 

6. Sin of David in nuntberifig Israel, 2 Sam. xxiv; 

I Chron. xxi: a, Joab's enumeration; b. 
David's conscience smitten; c, God's alterna- 
tives for David — three years famine, three 
months defeat, three days pestilence; <^. Da- 
vid's choice and result; e, altar at Oman's 
threshing floor. 

7. Usurpation of Adonijah, i Kings i: a, Adoni- 

jah's retinue; b. made king by some (vss. 11, 
18); dT. deserted by the people; </. submission 
to Solomon. 

8. David'' s final assemblage of Israel^ i Chron. 

xxviii-xxix. 25: a, review of God's favor and 
promises; b, charge to Solomon to build the 
temple; c, enumeration of materials, chaps, 
xxii. and xxviii. ii~2i; d, plan of the build- 
ing and its vessels; e. after David's example, 
people offer willingly large sums; f, David's 
prayer of praise and thanksgiving; g. people 
bless, and offer sacrifice to God; h, David's 
successor to be Solomon. 

9. David's final charge to Solomon, and his deatli^ 

I Kings ii. i-ii; i Chron. xxix. 26-30: a. 
to obey Jehovah; b, take vengeance on (/) 



96 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Joab, {2) Shimei; c, to care for sons of Bar- 
zillai; d. death and burial of David in the 
city of David; e, ruled seven years in He- 
bron, thirty-three in Jerusalem. 

10. Give an estimate of David's character as: a, 
warrior; b. king; c. man; d, writer. 
Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. 11-13. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 9, sec. 3. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chap. 19; vol. v. 
chaps. 1-3. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 24. 

Hurlbut, Man. of Bib. Geog., pp. 70,71. 

Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 21. 

David, His Life and Times, Men of Bible Series. 

Old Test. Student, Oct. 1887. 

Taylor, W. M., David, King of Israel. 

Krummacher, David, King of Israel. 

§55. THE REIGN OF SOLOMON. — I KINGS I — XI; 2 
CHRON. I — IX. 

1. Coronation and charge^ see §54, 9. 

2. Fate of: a. Adonijah; b, Abiathar; c. Joab; d, 

Shimei. 
3 Visions at Gibeon, i Kings iii. 4-15; 2 Chron. i. 
1-13: I. a, kind of high-place; ^.object of 
their presence there; c, Solomon's request of 
Jehovah; d, Jehovah's promise; e. celebra- 
tion of this event at Jerusalem. II. signifi- 
cance and purport of the second vision. 



THE KINGDOM. 97 

Solomon's ivisdom: a. extensive, world-wide, i 
Kings iv. 34; v. 7, 12; x. 23, 24; 2 Chron. 
ix. 22, 23; b. in scientific and literary knowl- 
edge, I Kings iv. 29-34; c. in dealing with 
hard questions, i Kings x. 1-8; 2 Chron. ix. 
1-7; d, in dealing with practical questions, 
I Kings iii. 9, 1 1, 12, 16-28. 

Solomoiis foreign domestic alliances: a, Phara- 
oh's daughter, i Kings iii. i; vii. 8; ix. 16, 
24; xi. i; 2 Chron. viii. ii; 3. women of 
Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians 
and Hittites, i Kings xi. I ; c, Naamah, mother 
of Rehoboam, an Ammonitess, i Kings 
xiv. 21, 31; d. alliances of Solomon's daugh- 
ters, iv. 11,15; ^- purpose of Solomon in all 
these alliances; f, actual result for Solomon 
and for the kingdom. 

Solomon s government: a, slaves not Israelites, 
I Kings ix. 22, 21; 2 Chron. viii. 7, 8; bur- 
den bearers in the mountains, 2 Chron. ii. 
17, 18, 2; I Kings V. 13-18; b, commissary 
department, (/) twelve divisions, {2) service 
one month, (j) provisions for one day, i 
Kings iv. 22, 23, (/) other duties, i Kings 
iv.26-28 ; c, superintendents of work,(/)" 3,300 
bare rule over w^orkers in the mountains," 
I Kings V. 16 (cf. 2 Chron. ii. 2, 18); {2) 550 
chief officers, i Kings ix. 23: v. 16 (cf. 2 
Chron. viii. 10); d. cabinet, i Kings iv. 1-6; 



98 . OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

e, army, horses and chariots, i Kings iv. 26, 
28; 2 Chron. i. 14; ix. 25, 28 (cf. Deut. 
xvii. \6)\ y. extent of his dominions, i Kings 
iv. 21, 24; 2 Chron. ix. 26; g, prophecy re- 
garding it. 

7. Foreign commercial relations : a. Egypt and 

Hittites — horses and chariots, i Kings x. 28, 
29; 2 Chron. i. 16, 17; ix. 28; also out of all 
lands, 2 Chron. ix. 28; b, Phoenicia, building 
materials and skilled labor, i Kings v. 6, 8- 
12; ix. 11-14; 2 Chron. ii. 8-16; c. voy- 
ages — sea trade, i Kings ix. 26-28; x. 11, 
12, 22; 2 Chron. viii. 17, 18; ix. 10, 1 1, 21 ; 
d. general trade, i Kings x. 15; 2 Chron. 
ix. 14 (cf. I Kings x. 1-13); e. commercial 
cities, I Kings ix. 18; 2 Chron. viii. 4. 

Note — What were ships of Tarshish? course, destination, etc.? 
cf. I Kings ix. 28, with 2 Chron. viii. 18. 

8. Solomon'^s . revejiues — immense: a. gold and 

silver, i Kings x. 14, IS; 2 Chron. ix. 13, 14; 
b, levies of provisions, i Kings iv. 7-28; c. 
presents, i Kings iv. 21 ; x. i-io, 13, 23-25 ; 
2 Chron. ix. 22-24; d. tropical products, i 
Kings x. 22, etc.; 2 Chron. ix. 21; e, slave- 
service, see 6. a. above. 

9. Increase in culture: a, learning and literature, i 

Kings iv. 29-34; x. 23, 24; 2 Chron. ix. 22, 
23 (read Geikie, vol. iii. 18); b. architecture, 
see §56; c. decorations, read i Kings vi-vii; 
d. general splendor of courts, i Kings x. 1-13. 



THE KINGDOM. 99 

10. Solomon s old age and death : a, polygamy, 

I Kings xi. 1-3; b. idolatry, kinds of foreign 
deities, I Kings xi. 4-8; c. Jehovah's word 
against him; d, his new enemies, I Kings xi. 
9-25; e. Ahijah's prophecy and Jeroboam's 
flight, I Kings xi. 26-40;/. death of Solomon; 
g, length of his reign. 

11. Solomons career and character: a, politically; 

b, religiously; c, intellectually. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chaps. 14, 15, 17. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 9, sees. 4 and 5. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 4 and 5, 
8 and 9. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 26. 
Solomon, his Life and Times, Men of Bible Series. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., p. 71. 
Old Test. Student, Dec. 1887. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 22. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Solomon^ The 
Queen of Sheba. 

^56. SOLOMON'S TEMPLE."^ 

I. Steps up to the temple: a, offering. Gen. iv. 3,4; 
b. altar. Gen. viii. 20; xii. 6-8 (cf. Ex. xx. 
24, 25); c, ''house of God" — Bethel, Gen. 
xxviii. 18-22; xxxv. 1-3, 6, 14, 15; d. *'tent 



♦This outline is a revision of that of Dr. Hurlbut as given in Old 
Test. Student, Dec. 1887. 



100 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

of meeting" — Tabernacle, Ex. xxv. 8; xxix. 
42-45^ e, "temple" in Shiloh, i Sam. 
i. 9; iii. 3. 

2. Building of the temple: a. place, Mt. Moriah in 

Jerusalem, Gen. xxii. i, 2, 14; bought by 
David, 2 Sam. xxiv. 17-25; i Chron. xxi. 
18-30; xxii. I (cf. 2 Chron. iii. i); b. founda- 
tion — extended 270 feet over arches, con- 
cealing reservoirs of water (cf. Ps. xlvi. 1-5); 
c. materials — provided largely by David, 2 
Sam. vi, 1-12; vii. 1-13; i Chron, xxviii. 
11-19; xxix. 2-8; (/) stone; {2) iron, i 
Chron. xxii. 14; xxix. 2; (j) cedar wood, 
2 Chron. ii. 3-9; i Kings vi. 8-10; (^) silver 
and gold, i Chron. xxii. 14; xxix. 4; (5) 
brass, or bronze, i Chron. xxix. 2; i Kings 
vii. 15-17; {6) precious stones, i Chron. 
xxix. 2; d, construction :(/) under Phoenician 
workmen, i Kings vii. i3sq.,40-45; 2 Chron. 
iv. 11-16; (^) no sound of hammer or iron 
tool, I Kings vi. 7 (cf. Deut. xxvii. 5, 6); (j) 
completed in seven years and six months, i 
Kings vi. i, 38. 

3. Plan of the temple: a. twice the size of the 

tabernacle, for the most part, cf. Ex. xxv-xl; 
I Kings v-viii; 2 Chron. iii-vii (cf. Ezekiel's 
vision, Ezek. xl-xlvi); b, parts: i) courts (cf 
Ex. xxvii. 9-18); I Kings viii. 64; 2 Chron. 
XX. 5; xxiv. 21; outer and inner, i Kings vi. 



THE KINGDOM. 101 

36; 2 Chron. iv. 9; (a) inner more sacred, 
Joel ii. 17; {b) Older had (/) altar, 2 Chron. 
iv. I ; (2) sea of brass on 12 oxen, 2 Chron. iv. 
2-5; (j) /^;^ laverSy 2 Chron. iv. 6; i Kings 
vii. 27-39; {4) perhaps di grove of trees, Ps. lii. 
8; xcii. 12-14; 2) /^r<;/^ — vestibule — 180 ft. 
high, 2 Chron. iii. 4; pillars Jachin and Boaz 
at the entrance, i Kings vii. 15-22; 3) holy 
place — ''greater house," 2 Chron. iii. 5; i 
Kings vi. 17; [a) ten candlesticks, 2 Chron. 
iv. 7; {h) ten tables, 2 Chron. iv. 8; [c] double 
doors, I Kings vi. 31-33; {d) altar of incense, 
I Kings vii. 48; 2 Chron. iv. 19; 4) holy of 
holies — ^^the oracle,'' i Kings vi. 16; 2 
Chron. iii. 8; {a) cherubim, 2 Chron. iii. 
10-13; (^) ark of the covenant, 2 Chron. v. 4-10 
(cf. Ex. XXV. 10-22); 5) chambers — for 
priests — three stories high, i Kings vi. 5-10; 
Jer. xxxvi. 10; Ezek. xl. 45, 46; xlii. 1-6. 
4. Purpose of the te^nple: a, to centralize and locate 
public worship of Jehovah (cf. Ps. Ixxxiv); 
b, to bind together the tribes — one altar, one 
shrine, others forbidden, Deut. xii. 8-14; 
Josh. xxii. 10-27; Deut, xvi. 16; i Kings xii. 
26-28; c. to symbolize the truths of redemp- 
tion, cf. Lev. i. 1-5; 2 Chron. vii. 1-14; Heb. 
ix. 22; d. to syrnbolize the presence of 
Jehovah among his people, cf. Ex. xx. 3, 4; 
Lev. xxvi. II, 12; 2 Chron. vi. i, 2. 



102 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

5. History of SolomorCs temple: a, dedication, (/) 
assembly, {2) offerings, (j) Solomon's prayer, 
I Kings viii. ; 2 Chron. v. 1-6, b, popular 
regard for the temple, Pss. xxvii. 4; xliii. 1-4; 
» cxxxii. 1-5; c, plundered by Shishak of 
Egypt under Rehoboam, 2 Chron. xii. 9-1 1; 

d, repairs under Joash, 2 Kings xii. 4-15; 

e. desecration and plunder by Ahaz, 2 Kings 
xvi. 10-19;/. repairs by Hezekiah,2 Chron. 
xxix; g, desecration by Manasseh, 2 Chron. 
xxxiii. 1-18; h. purification and repairs by 
Josiah, 2 Chron. xxxiv. 1-13, 29-33; /. 
destruction by Nebuchadrezzar, 2 Chron. 
xxxvi. 11-21; Jer. lii. 12-23. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iii. chap. 16. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 6 and 7. 
Solomon's Temple, plan in Hurlbut Man. Bib. 

Geog., p. 71. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 27. 
Old Test. Student, Dec. 1887. 
Solomon, His Life and Times, Men of the B^'ble, 

chap. 8. 
Perrot and Chipiez, Le Temple Jerusalem restitutes, 

Paris, 1889. 



NINTH PERIOD. 

DUAL KINGDOM. DIVISION TO FALL OF 
SAMARIA. B. C. 975-722. 

^57. DUAL RELIGIOUS DECLINE. — I KINGS XI. 26 
— XV. 8; 2 CHRON. X-XIII. 

Judah — Rehoboam (17)^, Abijam (3). . 
Israel — Jeroboam I (22). 

1. Prophecies of disruption^ i Kings xi. 9-13, 29- 

39. 

2. Causes of disruption: a. mediate: (/) old animos- 

ities between kingdoms of Saul and David, 
{2) Solomon's foreign domestic alliances, (j) 
Solomon's idolatry, i Kings xi. 9-13; b, im- 
mediate: (/) Ahijah's encouragement to Jer- 
oboam, (^) Rehoboam's outrageous requests. 

3. Events immediately connected with disruption^ 2 

Chron. x; i Kings xii. 1-19: a. Rehoboam 
at Shechem; ^.request of the people; <;. counsel 
adopted by Rehoboam; d, Jeroboam's ap- 
pearance, 

4. Kingdom divided: a. Solomon's empire — 60,000 

square miles; b, portions sliced off by ene- 

* Henceforth these numbers shall indicate the length of reign of 
the kings after whose names they stand. 

103 



104 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

mies; c. territory of northern kingdom, 
9,400 square miles; d, territory of Judah, 
3,400 square miles. 

5. Jeroboam s estahlisliment and policy^ i Kings 

xii. 20 — xiii. 34: a. coronation; b, army and 
defences; c. system of worship, its localities 
and purpose (cf. 2 Chron. xiii. 9); d, rebuke 
and prophecy (cf. i Kings xiii. 2 with 2 Kings 
xxiii. 16) of man of God. 

6. Jeroboam^ s fate foretold^ i Kings xiv: ^.sick- 

ness of Abijah; b. secret march on Ahijah; 

c. Ahijah foretells, (/) death of Abijah, {2) 
destruction of Jeroboam's house, (j) captivity 
of Israel. 

7. Rehoboams establishment and policy^ i Kings 

XIV. 21-24; 2 Chron. xi: a, coronation; b. 
attempt to suppress revolt; c. defences, 2 
Chron. xi. ^-12\ d, accessions from Israel, 
2 Chron. xi. 13-17; e, sins of his house, 18- 

23. 

8. Invasion by Shishak of Egypt ^ i Kings xiv. 25 

-28; 2 Chron. xii. 2-9: a. Solomon's early 
relations with Egypt; b, probable provoca- 
tion of Shishak; ^.extent of his plundenngs; 

d. humility of Rehoboam; e, death of Reho- 
boam; f, character of Rehoboam. 

9. Career of Abijam, i Kings xv. 1-8; 2 Chron. 

xiii: a. walked in sins of his father; b, railed 
against Jeroboam; c. warred against Jero- 



DUAL KINGDOM. 105 

boam, 400,000 against 800,000 respectively; 
d. Abijam victorious; e. Jehovah smote him 
and he died; /. characterize him. 

10. Locate all geographical points in this sectiofi. 

11. Contemporaneous history: a, Syria; b, Egypt; 

c, Assyria; d, Hittites. 

12. Prophets of tliese times: I. Judah: (^. Shemaiah, 

his work, 2 Chron. xi. 2; xii. 15; i Kings 
xii. 22, 23; b, *^ man of God out of Judah," 
I Kings xiii. I, 5, 6, 7, 8; ^. Iddo, 2 Chron. 
xii. 15; xiii. 22. II. Israel: a. Ahijah the 
Shilonite, i Kings xi. 29, 30; xii. 15; xiv. 
2-16; b, old prophet, i Kings xiii. 11-31. 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chap. i. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. i; chap. 11, sees, i 

and 2. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 10 and [i. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 29 and half of 35. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps, i, 2. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 87, 88. 
Old Test. Student, Jan, 1888. 
Smith, O. T. History, chap. 23. 
Geikie, O. T. Characters, on Rehoboam, 
Sayce, The Hittites, Religious Tract Society. 



106 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



^^^■{i 



REIGN OF ASA IN JUDAH. 
ALL OF THREE DYNASTIES IN ISRAEL. 

B. C. 955-915. 
Juda/i—Assi (41). 
Israel — Jeroboam (22), Nadab (2), Baasha 

(24), Elah (2), Zimri (7 days). 
I Kings XV. 8-xvii. 20; 2 Chron. xiv-xvi. 

1 . Rcvieiv briefly the events since the disruption. 

2. Reforms of Asa: I. Religious: a, removing 

Sodomites and idols; b. breaking down high 
places, pillars; r. his queen-mother removed; 
d, groves of Asherim cut down; e, Israel 
bade to seek Jehovah; /. brought dedicated 
things into house of Jehovah. II. Political: 
^.fortified Judah; b, built cities; c. strength- 
ened the army. 

3. Aids to these reforms: a. counter-example of 

Israel; b. immigration to Judah of those 
loyal to Jehovah; c. presence of the prophets; 
d, spirit of Jehovah in Asa's heart. 

4. Asas wars and alliances: ^.victorious battle with 

Ethiopia, 580,000 men against 1,000,000 
men; b, Baasha of Israel builds Ramah; c, 
Syria, Ben-hadad of Damascus bought off 
by Asa with vessels of the temple; d, dis- 
posal of Ramah. 

5. Asas relations with the prophets.^ and the end of 

his days: a. Azariah, son of Oded, result to 
Asa and Israel, 2 Chron. xv. 1-7; b, Hanani 



DUAL KINGDOM. 107 

the seer, result, 2 Chron. xvi. 7-10; c. dis- 
ease of Asa; d, death and burial; e. length 
of reign. 

6. Nadab's c liar acter^ reign and death, i Kings xv. 

25-31: a, second and last king of dynasty of 
Jeroboam; b, began in second year of Asa; 
c, did evil as his father; d, slain by Baasha at 
the siege of Gibbethon. 

7. Baasha s character^ reign and death^ I Kings xv. 

27-xvi. 13; 2 Chron. xvi. 1-6: a, usurper; 
b. began to reign in the third year of Asa, in 
city of Tirzah; c. did evil as Jeroboam; d, 
destroyed all the house of Jeroboam; e. in 
his fourteenth year he fortified Ramah against 
Judah; f, Ben-hadad's inroads on Israel; g. 
Jehu's prophecy against Baasha; h, died and 
buried in Tirzah; i, length of reign. 

8. Elah's character, reign and deaths i Kings xvi. 

6-14: a. second and last king of dynasty of 
Baasha; b. began to reign in 26th year of 
Asa; c, made Israel to sin, i Kings xvi. 12, 
13; <3r. slain in a drunken row at Tirzah by 
Zimri; e. length of reign. 

9. Zimris (7 days) reign and deaths I Kings xvi. 

9-20: a. usurper — third dynasty; b. obliter- 
^ ated house of Baasha; c, choice of people 

was Omri, captain at Gitbethon; d. siege of 
Tirzah, and suicide of 7ax^\x\ after seven days* 
reign; e, similar suicides in secular history. 



108 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

ID. Locate all geographical points in this section, 

11. Contemporaneous history: a, Ethiopia; h. Syria; 

c, Assyria. 

12. Prophets of this section: I. Judah: a. Azariah, 

son of Oded, 2 Chron. xv. 1-7; b. Hanani 
the seer, 2 Chron. xvi. 7-10. II. Israel: 
Jehu son of Hanani, i Kings xvi. i. 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chap. 2 in part. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. 2. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. V. chaps. 12, and 13 

in part. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, half of Lee. 35. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, Men of Bible 

Series, chaps. 4-8. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 87, 88. 
Old Test. Student, Jan. i< 



§59. REIGN OF THE HOUSE OF OMRI IN ISRAEL, 
B. C. 929-885. 

Omri (12), Ahab (22), Ahaziah (2), Jehoram 

(12). 

1. Give the kings of Israel in the last three dynas- 

ties with length of reigns, 

2, Omri's reign and home policy^ i Kings xvi. 

16-29: a, usurper; b. began 27th year of 
Asa; c, right disputed by Tibnij four years; 
d, his capitals, (/) Tirzah, (^) Samaria; e. 



DUAL KINGDOM. 109 

religious policy, (/) advance on Jeroboam, i 
Kings xvi. 25; (2) statutes adopted, Mic. 
vi. 16.^ 

3. Omri's foi'cign relations^ power and death: a. 

with Moab, reduced Mesha, (cf. Records of 
Past, 2d series, vol. ii., p. 200 sq. and 2 Kings 
iii. 4); b. with Syria, when king of Syria 
wrested cities from Omri, i Kings xx. 34; c. 
with Zidonians, inferred from tradition and 
Ahab's alliance; d. with Assyria, land of 
Israel, called *'Land of Omri'* for several 
generations; e, evidence of pov/er, the loca- 
tion of his new capital; /. his death; g. length 
of reign. 

4. Ahab's beginning, j8th year of Asa, i Kings 

xvi. 29 — xvii. I : a, alliance with Zidonians 
through Jezebel; ^. new religion introduced, 
its character; c, persecution of servants of 
Jehovah; d, Ahab's advance religiously, i 
Kings xvi. 31, 33; e, Elijah's prophecy of 
famine. 

5. Ahab's course at home, i Kings xviii., xxi: I. a. 

despair in famine; b, Elijah's appearance and 
Obadiah; c, Ahab's salute; d. Elijah's 
assembly at Carmel; e. Ahab's prophets' 
vain attempt; /. Elijah's success and 
slaughter; g, rain; h. Jezebel's wrath, and 
pursuit of Elijah; i. public works of Ahab, 

*Cf. also 2 Kings viii. 26. 



110 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

1 Kings xxii. 39. II. Naboth's vineyard: a, 
Ahab's request; b. refused by Naboth ; c. 
Ahab's pettishness; d, Jezebel's infamy; e, 
justice satisfied; /. law of inheritance; g. 
Elijah at hand; h, Ahab's penitence; i, 
Elijah's last message to Ahab. 

6. Ahab's foreign relations and wars^ i Kings xx., 

xxii; 2 Chron. xviii. : a, with Zidon and the 
Phoenicians; b. with Ben-hadad of Syria: 
(/) before Samaria: {a) with 32 allied kings, 
{U) completely routed; {2) at Aphek: {a) 
Ben-hadad routed, (^) saved, why? (<:) Ahab 
rebuked by son of aprophet; <:.with Assyrians, 
at Karkar (C. O. T., vol. i., pp. 182-195), 
Ahab in league with several kings, defeated 
by Shalmaneser II; d. with Jehoshaphat of 
Judah, against Ramoth Gilead: (/) reception 
at Samaria, {2) word of 400 prophets, (j) 
word of Micaiah, (^) battle, (5) Ahab slain, 
{6) Elijah's prophecy fulfilled, i Kings xxi. 19, 
with xxii. 38; e, length of Ahab's reign. 

7. Reign of Ahab^s son, Ahaziah^ i Kings xxii. 40 — 

2 Kings i. 18: a. alliance with Jehoshaphat; 
b, his sin; c. sickness; d. inquiry of Baal- 
zebub; e. rebuked by Elijah; f. fatality of 
messengers; g, Ahaziah's death; h. length of 
/eign. 

8. Reign of Ahab's son, Jehoratn, 2 Kings i. 17; 

iii. 1-27: a. religious revolution, 2 Kings iii. 



DUAL KINGDOM. HI 

3; b. war with MeshaofMoab: (/) Jehosh- 
aphat here, {2) EHsha's share in it; c, Syrians 
besiege Dothan: (/) struck bhnd, {2) well 
treated and sent home; d. Syrians besiege 
Samaria: (/) famine, (^) Elisha's word, (j) 
outcome; e. disastrous visit of Ahaziah of 
Judah to Jehoram, after battle of Ramoth 
Gilead; /. length of reign. 

9. Locate with great care all geographical points in 

this section, 
ic. Contemporaneous history : a, Zidonians or 

Phoenicians; b. Syrians; c, Assyrians; d. 

Moabites. 
II. Prophets in Israel in this section: a, Elijah; b. 

Obadiah; c. two fifties in caves; d. 400 

prophets; ^.Micaiah;/. the prophet, i Kings 

XX. 13-22; g. man of God, i Kings xx. 28; 

h, man of the sons of the prophets, i Kings 

XX. 35, 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 2 and 4. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. 3. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. v. chaps. 14 and 15; 

vol. vi. chaps, i, 4, 5, 7, 9. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 30. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 9, lO, 

12, 13. 
Hurlbut, Man. Bib. Geog., pp. 87, 88. 
Old Test. Student, Jan. 1888. 



DUAL KINGDOM. 113 

37), (j) fleet wrecked; c, Jehoram son of 
Ahab: (/) against Mesha, king of Moab, {2) 
Judah, Israel and Edom together, (j) Elisha's 
role, (^) victory, (5) human sacrifice, why 
did Israel withdraw? 

4. JehoshapJiafs other fo7'eign relations: a, Arabi- 

ans and Philistines, peaceful, 2 Chron. xvii. 
\\\ b, Moabites, Ammonites, Seir (Syria, 2 
Chron. xx. 2) or Edom: (/) meet atEn-gedi, 
{2) Jehoshaphat's prayer, (j) prophecy of 
Jahaziel, [J) song of praise, (5) victory with- 
out a stroke, (^) spoil, (7) praise to Jehovah; 
c, Syrians, see 3. a\ d. Mesha of Moab, see 3, c, 

5. Close of Jehoshaphafs reign: a. makes Jehoram 

his son regent with him, 2 Kings viii. 16: b, 
distributes gifts, gold, silver and fenced cities 
among his other six sons; c. died and buried 
with his fathers in city of David; d. length 
of reign. 

6. Contrast the characters in these two sections (iJ9 

and 60), e.g. Ahab and Jezebel^ Ahab and Je- 
hoshaphat, 

7. Locate all geographical points in this section. 

8. Prophets i7i this section: a. Jehu son of Hanani 

the seer, 2 Chron. xix. 1-3; b. Jahaziel, 2 
Chron. xx. 14-17 ; c. Eliezer, 2 Chron. xx. 37. 
Literature: 
Additional to that under §59: 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 11, sec. 2. 



114 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. li. 
Geikie, Old Testament Characters, on Jehoshaphat. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vi. chaps. 5-7, and 9. 

§61. THE GREAT PERIOD OF ORAL PROPHETS AND 
ORAL PROPHECY. B. C. 975-850. 

1. Prophets near the close of Solomon's reign: a, 

Ahijah the Shilonite, 2 Chron. ix. 29; i 
Kings xi. 29; b, Iddo the seer, 2 Chron. ix. 
29. 

2. Minor prophets in the kingdom of Jiidah^ give the 

zvorkof each: a. Shemaiah (under Rehoboam 

1 Kings xii. 22-24; 2 Chron. xi. 2-4; xii. 5, 
7, 15; b, Iddo (Rehoboam and Jeroboam), 
Jeddo or Jedon (Josephus Antiq. viii. 8, 9), 2 
Chron. ix. 29; xii. 15; xiii. 22; c. Azariah 
son of Oded (Asa), 2 Chron. xv. 1-8; d. 
Hanani the seer, 2 Chron. xvi. 7-10; e, 
Jehu son of Hanani the seer (Jehoshaphat), 

2 Chron. xix. 2,3; xx. 34; /. Jahaziel (Je- 
hoshaphat), 2 Chron. xx. 14-17; g, Eliezer 
(Jehoshaphat), 2 Chron. xx. 37. 

3. Minor prophets in the kingdom of Israel^ give 

the work of each: a. Ahijah the Shilonite, 
((vS^/^;;^(?;/), Jeroboam), i Kings xi. 29-39; xii. 
15; xiv. 2-18; XV. 29; 2 Chron. ix. 29; x. 
15; b, Iddo, see 2. b\ c. Jehu son of Hanani 
(Baasha), i Kings xvi, 1-5,7, 12; d, Micaiah 



DUAL KINGDOM. 115 

(Ahab), I Kings xxii. 8-28; 2 Chron. xviii. 

7-27, 

Note i. — Iddo and Jehu prophesied in both kingdoms. 

Note 2. — Prophet and man of God are frequently mentioned 
without a hint as to their names; e.g., i Kings xiii. i, 11; xx. 13, 22; 
2 Chron. xxv. 7,15. 

4. Elijah's activity during the famine in AhaVs 

reign^ i Kings xvii., xviii: a, his sudden ap- 
pearance — tribal relations? i Kings xvii. 1: 

b. dress, 2 Kings iii. 8; c. famine: (/) foretold, 
(^) Elijah atCherith, (j) at Zarephath: {ci) 
miracle of meal and oil, {b) raising dead; (^) 
return and word of Obadiah, (5) Ahab's salu- 
tation, ((5) test at Carmel, (7) slaughter of 
prophets of Baal (Deut xiii. 6-9), {8) prayer 
and rain, (p) Elijah runs before Ahab to Jez- 
reel, {10) duration of famine, i Kings xviii. i ; 
Luke iv. 25; James v. 17. 

5. Elijah's activity during the remainder of AhaVs 

reign J i Kings xix., xxi. 17-29: a. Elijah's 
flight before Jezebel: (/) Jezebel's threat, {2) 
Elijah in Beer-sheba, (j) miraculously fed, (/) 
forty days and nights in Horeb, (5) God's 
manifestation to him, cf. Ex. xxxiii. 21-23, {6) 
commanded to anoint {a) Hazael over Syria, 
{b) Jehu over Israel, {c) Elisha as his suc- 
cessor; b, discovery and mantling of Elisha; 

c, ''hast thou found me, O mine enemy?" i 
Kings xxi. 17-20: (/) Elijah's message, {2) 



116 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Ahab's sorrow, (j) sentence mitigated. 

6. Elijah's later work: a. rebuked messengers of 

Ahaziah, 2 Kings i. 3 sq. ; b, consuming of 
two fifties; c, Elisha's message to Ahaziah; 
d, EHjah's writing to Jehoram of Judah, 2 
Chron. xxi. 12-15; ^. his work among schools 
of the prophets, 2 Kings ii. 1-7, 15-18; /. 
his appointment of Elisha and his translation. 

7. Elisha s call and work among the sons of the 

prophets: a. call and conduct, i Kings xix. 
16-21; b, visit with Elijah to the sons of the 
prophets at Gilgal, Bethel and Jericho; c. 
translation of Elijah, and sons of the prophets 
at Jericho, (/) before, (^) after; d. healing 
the waters at Jericho; e. to Bethel, bears; j, 
to Carmel; ^. to Samaria; h, miracle of pot 
of oil, 2 Kings iv. i sq. ; i, Shunem, raising 
Shunammite's son; j\ to Gilgal, death in 
the pot; k. multiplying food; /. iron swam, 
2 Kings vi. 1-7. 

8. Elisha's work of a political or national charac- 

ter: a. in war against Moab, 2 Kings iii. 11- 
19; b, in healing Naaman the Syrian: (/) 
Naaman's source of information, (2) his ex- 
pectation, (j) his submission, (^ his resolu- 
tion, (5) Gehazi's sin and punishment; c. his 
value to the king of Israel, 2 Kings vi. 8-10; 
d. his fame abroad, 2 Kings vi. 12; e. be- 
sieged in Dothan, enemy stricken with blind- 



DUAL KINGDOM. 117 

ness, feasted, sent home; /. Syrians besiege 
Samaria, 2 Kings vi. 24-vii. 20: (/) famine, 
(2) Elisha's prophecy, (j) terror strikes the 
enemy, (^) flight of Syrians and plenty for 
Israel;^. EHsha's influence restores Shunam- 
mite's property, 2 Kings viii. 1-6; /i, Elisha's 
errand at Damascus, 2 Kings viii. 7-1 5 ; i. an- 
ointing of Jehu, 2 Kings ix. 1-12; /.Elisha's 
sickness, prophecy to Joash of Israel, and 
death, 2 Kings xiii. 14-19; k, miracle with 
bones of Elisha, 2 Kings xiii. 20, 21. 

9. Compare the characters of Elijah and Elisha: a. 

preparation for work; b. habits of life; c. 
force of character; d, relations to rulers; e, 
relation to sons of prophets. 

10. Schools of the sons of the prophets:'^ a, head- 

quarters: (/) Ramah, {2) Bethel, (j) Gilgal, 
(^) Jericho, (5) Carmel, (6) Samaria; b, teach- 
ers: (7) Samuel, i Sam. xix. 20, (^) Elijah, 
(j) Elisha; ^.things taught, (/) prophesying, 
(^) sacred service and music; d, occupation, 
(7) study and worship, {2) run errands, (j) 
regular duties of a prophet; e, means of sub- 
sistence: (7) gathered in fields, (2) gifts, 2 
Kings iv. 42, 43; v. 21-24. 

11. Work of the prophets : a. to instruct the people 

in the law; b, to convey the direct will of 
God, mostly upon occasions of great moment; 

*This topic is fully treated by the author in Old Testament Stu- 
ent, March 1889. 



118 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

c, to forewarn and admonish rulers; d, to 
embody in written form their instructions 
direct from God; e. to preserve a history of 
their tiniest; f. to counteract all idolatrous 
tendencies; ^. to provide music, etc., at pub- 
lic religious services, i Chron. xxv. 
Remark. — False prophets: 1. a. old prophet of 
Bethel, i Kings xiii. ii; ^.400 prophets with a 
lying spirit, I Kings xxii. 6-8, 22,23; ^- 45^ proph- 
ets of Baal, I Kings xviii. 19, 22, 40; <^. 400 proph- 
ets of Asherah, i Kings xviii. 19. II. a. are they 
idolatrous prophets? b. are they perverted worship- 
pers of Jehovah, wicked men? c. do they really 
predict? d. their methods and means of procedure. 

Literature: 

2 Sam. i — 2 Kings xiii. 20. 

2 Chron. ix. 29 — xx. 37. 

Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 3 and 5. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. 3. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. iv. chaps. 1-3, 10-14. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 29-31. 

Elijah, His Life and Times, Men of Bible Series. 

Geikie, O. T. Characters, on Elijah, Elisha, Naaman 

tlie Syrian, 
Old Test. Student, Jan. 1887. 

t Several of the prophets mentioned in this section wrote works, 
not one of which exists at the present day. — This subject is 
discussed by the author in the Bibliotheca Sacra, April 1889, under 
the title, **The Lost Writings quoted and referred to in the Old 
Testament." 



DUAL KINGDOM. 119 

Price, The Schools of the Sons of the Prophets, 
Old Test. Student, March 1889. 

Price, The Lost Writings in the Old Testament, 
Bibliotheca Sacra, April 1889.. 

Howat, Elijah the Desert Prophet, Edinburgh, 1868. 



^62. I 



RELIGIOUS DECLINE IN JUDAH. 
CHECK TO IDOLATRY IN ISRAEL. 



B. C. ca. 890 — ca. 840. 

Jtidah — Jehoram (8), Ahaziah (i), Athaliah 

(7), Joash (40). 
Israel — Jehu (28), Jehoahaz (17). 

Reign of Jehoram of Judah^ 2 Kings viii. 
16-24; ,2 Chron. xxi. 1-20: a, regent with 
his father, 2 Kings viii. 16; b, slew his 
brethren — why? 2 Chron. xxi. 1-4; ^.daughter 
of Jezebel to wife, 2 Kings viii. 18; d, 
walked in ways of kings of Israel; e, revolt 
of Edomites — why? /. revolt of Libnah; g, 
high places made; h, letter from Elijah; i. 
Jehoram's disease;/, raid of the Philistines and 
Arabians, result; k, ignominious death and 
burial; /. length of reign. 

Reign of Ahaziah of Judah^ 2 Kings viii. 24-29; 
ix. 16-28; 2 Chron. xxii. 1-9: a. Ahaziah's 
legacy, blood of Jezebel; b. walked in ways 
of Ahab, by counsel; c, leagues with Jeho- 
ram, his uncle, against Ramoth Gilead ; d, 
Jehoram wounded; e, Ahaziah's visit to 
Jezreel. 



120 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

3. Jehu's extirpation of the house of Omriy 2 Kings 

ix — X. 17; 2 Chron. xxii. 7-9: a. anointing 
and coronation of Jehu at Ramoth Gilead, 2 
Kings ix. 1-15; b. his explicit orders; <:. haste 
to Jezreel, vss. 16-20; d, murder of Jehoram, 
21-26; ^. murder of Ahaziah of Judah, 27-29; 
/. death of Jezebel, 30-37; g. murder of 
Ahab's seventy sons in Samaria, 2 Kings x. 
1-9; h, murder of Ahab's kinsfolk, great men 
and friends, lO-ii ; i. murder of forty-two of 
Ahaziah's brethren, 12-14; J, slaughter of all 
that remained of Ahab in Samaria. 
Note — Jehonadab son of Rechab (cf. Jer. xxxv.) 

4. Jehits sti'oke at idolatry, 2 Kings x. ii, 18-28: 

a, murder of priests of Ahab, x. 1 1 ; b, 
slaughter of Baal worshippers, 18-25; c, 
obelisks, pillar and house of Baal destroyed; 
d. but the calves of Jeroboam retained. 

5. Jehu's enemies and death, 2 Kings x. 29-36: a. 

his own heart, (/) in unwarranted wholesale 
murder, {2) in sins of Jeroboam; b, Hazael of 
Syria, x. 32, 33; c. Assyria, his tribute 
thereto (C, O. T. vol. i. p. 199 sq.); d, 
Jehovah's promise to Jehu; e, death and 
burial in Samaria; f, length of reign. 

6. Athaliah's usurpation, reign and death, 2 Kings 

xi; 2 Chron. xxii. 10 — xxiii. 21: a, ancestry, 
Jezebel; b, bloody disposal of seed royal — 
except Joash; c, Baal worship in the lead. 



DUAL KINGDOM. 121 

2 Kings xi. i8; 2 Chron. xxiii. 17; xxiv. 7; 
d, rise and influence of Jehoiada; e, assembly 
and coronation of Joash; f, Athaliah slain. 

7. Prosperous reign of Joash of Jitdah^ 2 Kings 

xi. 2, 12 — xii. 16 ; 2 Chron. xxii. 11; xxiii. 
II — xxiv. 16: a, concealment; b, accession; 
c. in seventh year of Jehu; d, did right; e, 
repairs of house of Jehovah; /. Jehoiada's 
prominent role; g, Jehoiada's death and 
burial. 

8. Disastrous reign of Joash of Judah^ 2 Kings 

xii, 17-21; 2 Chron. xxiv. 17-27: a. 
princes influential with the king; b, house of 
Jehovah forsaken; c. prophets unheeded; d. 
Zechariah, by king's demand, stoned; e. in- 
vasion of the Syrians; f. Hazael bought off" 
by temple plunder; g, Joash's disgraceful 
murder and burial; h, length of reign. 

9. Reign of Jehoahaz {son of Jehu) of Israel , 

2 Kings xiii. 1-9: a, began 23d year of 
Joash of Judah; b, did evil as Jeroboam; c. 
was delivered up to Hazael and Ben-hadad 
of Syria; d, besought Jehovah; e, delivered 
but weakened (cf. 2 Kings xiii. 23); /. death 
and burial in Samaria; g, length of reign. 

10. Carefully point out all geographical points in 

this section. 

11. Contemporaneous history: a, Edomites* revolt; 

b. raid of Philistines and Arabians; c. Syria: 



122 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

(/) Ramoth Gilead, {2) Gath, (j) Jerusalem; 
c/, Assyria. 
12. PropJiets of this section: I. Judah: a, Elijah; b. 
Zechariah. II. Israel: a, Elisha; b, son of 
the prophets. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chap. 6. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. 4; chap, 11, sec. 3. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vi. chaps. 15-17; 

vol. vii. chaps. 1-3. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 32. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 14-19. 
Old Testament Student, Jan. 1888. 
Geikie, Old Testament Characters, on Atlialiah, 

Jehu. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 23. 
Sayce, Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments. 
Cuneiform Inscrip. and Old Test. vol. i. p. 199 sq. 

§63. RELIGIOUS DECLINE AND REGAL PROSPERITY. 
B. C. 840-ca. 760. 

Judah — Amaziah (29), Uzziah (52). 
Israel — Joash (16), Jeroboam II (41), Zech- 
ariah (6m.). 

1. Give kings of Israel and Judah to this pointy 

with length of reign of each. 

2. Reign of Joash [son of JeJioahaz) of Israel^ 

2 Kings xiii. 9 — xiv. i, 8-16; 2 Chron. xxv. 
17-24: a. departed not from sins of Jero- 



DUAL KINGDOM. 123 

boam, son of Nebat; b. visit to Elisha's 
death-bed, result; c. in three victories he 
recovered cities from Syria; d. Amaziah's 
challenge; e, Joash's victory, plunder and 
breaking down the walls of Jerusalem; f, 
hostages taken; g, death and burial in 
Samaria. 

3, Reign of A^naziah {son of Joash) of Jiidah^ 

2 Kings xiv. 1-22; 2 Chron. xxv: a. did 
xx^t^yet not as David; b. slew his father's 
murderers (see §62; 8^.); c. army, 300,000; 
d. 100,000 hired from Israel; e. rebuked by 
a man of God^ Amaziah sends them back; /. 
their anger and raid of Judah's cities; g. 
victory over Edom: (/) 1 0.000 slain, (^) 10,000 
cast from top of a rock; h, gods of Edom 
brought home, set up and worshipped;/, 
rebuked by a prophet\ J, challenges Joash of 
Israel; k, Amaziah disastrously defeated; /. 
slain by a conspiracy in Lachish. 

4. Reign of Jeroboam II of Israel^ 2 Kings 

xiii. 13; xiv. 16, 23-29; XV. i: a, did evil in 
sight of Jehovah, as Jeroboam I; b, restored 
border of Israel from entering in of Hamath 
to the sea of the Arabah (Dead Sea); c, all 
according to Jonah's prophecy, 2 Kings xiv. 
2^\ d, Jeroboam II Israel's helper; e, re- 
covered Damascus; f, had great power and 
prosperity; g, death and burial in Samaria. 



124 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

5. Co7idition of Israel at close of Jeroboam's reign: 

a, territorially next to Solomon; b, living 
luxuriously, Amos iii. 12; vi. 8, 11, 14; c, in 
low state of morals, Hos. iv. 13; Amos ii. 7; 
iv. 1-8; viii. 12; d, fraudulent oppression, 
Hos. V. i; Amos iii. 9; e, nearing state of 
dissolution, Amos iii. 12; v. 27; vii. 17. 

6. Reign of Zechariah {son of Jeroboam II) of 

Israel, 2 Kings xv. 8-12: a. began 38th year 
of Uzziah; b. ''did as his fathers had done'*; 
c. last of dynasty of Jehu, smitten after six 
months reign by Shallum, a conspirator; d. 
promise to Jehu fulfilled, 2 Kings x. 30. 

7. Reign of Uzziah {Azariah) of Judahy politi- 

cally^ 2 Kings xiv. 21, 22; xv. 1-7; 2 Chron. 
xxvi: a, built Elath and restored it to Judah; 

b. began, 16 years old, in 27th year of 
Jeroboam II; c, conquered Philistines; d, 
defeated Arabians in Gur-baal; e. Ammonites 
submissive; /. fame gone down to Egypt; g. 
fortified Jerusalem; h, improved the country; 
i. practiced husbandry; J, standing army 
307,500; k. new weapons, offensive and 
defensive; /. power famous abroad; m. God 
made him to prosper as long as he sought 
him. 

-8. Reign of Uzziah [Azariah) of Judahy religi- 
ously: a, did ^ight as Amaziah; b. sought 
God in days of Zechariah; c, took not away 



DUAL KINGDOM. 125 

the high places; d, power fatal to him; e, 
smitten with leprosy in the temple; /. thrust 
out by priests to a several house; g, Jotham 
his son regent; Ji. Uzziah's death and burial. 

9. Contemporaneous history: a, Syria; b, Assyria; 

c, Edom; d, Philistines and Arabians; e, 
Ammon; /. Egypt. 

10. Prophets in this section: I. Judah: a, prophets 

(to Joash), 2 Chron. xxiv. 19; b, man of God 
and prophet (to Amaziah), 2 Chron. xxv. 
7, IS; c, Zechariah, 2 Chron. xxvi. 5. 11. 
Israel: a, Jonah (to Jeroboam II) 2 Kings 
xiv. 25. 

11. Contemporaneous literary prophets: a, Jonah, 

cf. i. 1 5 with 2 Kings xiv. 25; <5'. Hosea i. i; 
c. Amos i. i; ^. Isaiah i. i. 

Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 7 and 9. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. 4; chap. 11, sec. 3. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 4-6. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lees. 33 and 37. 

Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 20-24. 

Old Testament Student, Feb. 1888. 

Geikie, Old Testament Characters, on Jo7iah, 

Jeroboam IL 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 24. 
Farrar, F. W , The Minor Prophets, Men of the 

Bible Series. 



126 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



§64. I 



ANARCHY IN ISRAEL. 
IDOLATRY IN JUDAH. 

B. C. 760-728. 

Judah — Jotham (16), Ahaz (16). 
Israel — Shallum (i m.), Menahem (10), Peka- 
hiah (2), Pekah (20). 

1. Reign of Shallum of Israel^ 2 Kings xv. 10, 

13-15: a. usurper, having slain Zechariah; b. 
began 39th year of Uzziah; c, slain at end of 
a month by Menahem. 

2. Reign of Menahem of Israel^ 2 Kings xv. 14, 

16-22: a. usurper, having slain Shallum; b. 

smote and destroyed Tiphsah; c. did evil as 

Jeroboam; (^.tributary to Pul (Tiglath-pileser) 

of Assyria; e, exactions from the people; /. 
died. 

3. Reign of Pekahiah (so7t of Menahem) of Israel, 

2 Kings XV. 22-26: a, began in 50th year of 
Uzziah; b, did evil; c, slain in his capital at 
Samaria by Pekah, his captain. 

4. Reign of Pekah of Israel^ 2 Kings xv. 25-31, 37; 

xvi. ij5- ^' usurper; b. began 52d year of 
Uzziah; c, did as Jeroboam; d. raid and cap- 
tives of Tiglath-pileser of Assyria; e. league 
with Rezin of Syria against Ahaz of Judah; 
/. slain by Hoshea in a conspiracy, inspired 
by Assyria. 

5. Reign of Jotham [son of Uzziah) of Jndahy 

2 Kings XV. 5, 32-38; 2 Chron. xxvii: a. 



DUAL KINGDOM. 127 

regent with Uzziah; b, did right as Uzziah, 
but entered not into the temple of Jehovah; 
^. built castles and towersin tops of mountains; 
d, subjugated and subsidized Ammon; e. be- 
came mighty because, 2 Chron. xxvii. 4-6; 
/. death. 

6. Reign of Ahaz of Jitdah^ politically , 2 Kings 

xvi. 1-20; xvii. 13-20; 2 Chron. xxviii; 
Isaiah vii. 1-20: a. began 17th year of 
Pekah; b. delivered to Syria, results; c. 
delivered to Israel with Pekah, results; d, 200,- 
000 captives returned at Oded's injunction; e, 
Ahaz appeals to Tiglath-pileser for help; /. 
gifts of treasures; g. goes to Damascus to do 
obeisance to Tiglath pileser; h, raid of Philis- 
tines on southeast; /. Ahaz's tribute to 
Assyria. 

7. Reign of Ahaz of Jndah^ religiously: a, did evil 

as kings of Israel; b. made images of Baalim; 
c. burnt his children in fire to Moloch; d. rob- 
bed house of Jehovah; e. made a Damascus 
altar; /. sacrificed to the gods of Damascus; 
g, shut up house of Jehovah; h, put idola- 
trous altars in every corner of Jerusalem; i. 
did according to the abominations of the 
heathen whom Jehovah cast out from before 
the children of Israel; /. death and burial. 

8. Contemporaneons history: a. Assyria; b. Syria; 

c. Edom; d. Egypt. 



128 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

9. Kings of Israel and Judah mentioned in Assyrian 

inscriptions: a. \]zz\di\i\ b. Ahaz; c. Pekah; d. 
Menahem. 

Note — "Land of Omri" is mentioned several times. 

10. Prophets active in this section: I. Judah: a. 

Isaiah; b, Micah. II. Israel: a, Amos; b, 
Oded. 

Note — Several unnamed, as in 2 Kings xvii. 13. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 10 and 11. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 10, sec. 3; chap, ii, sec. 3. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 7 and 8. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 34 in part. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 24-27. 
Old Test. Student, March 1888. 
Cuneiform Inscriptions and Old Testament, vol. i. 

pp. 215-257. 
Sayce, Fresh Light from Ancient Monuments, 

chap. 6. 
Sayce, The Times of Isaiah. 
Driver, S. R., Isaiah, Men of the Bible. 
Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
Expositor's Bible, Isaiah, vol. i. 



TENTH PERIOD. 

JUDAH ALONE. FALL OF SAMARIA TO 

FALL OF JERUSALEM. 

B. C. 722-587. 



^65. I 



REFORM IN JUDAH. 
DOWNFALL OF ISRAEL. 



Jtidah — Hezekiah (29). 
Israel — Hoshea (9). 

1. Reign of Hoshea of Israel^ 2 Kings xvii. 1-4: a, 

enthroned by Tiglath-pileser (C. O. T. vol. ii. 
p. 251 sq.); b. began in 12th year of Ahaz; c. 
tributary to Shalmaneser; d, attempted 
league with So of Egypt; e, imprisonment by 
Shalmaneser. 

2. Fall of Samaria (722 B. c), 2 Kings xvii. 5, 6; 

xviii. 9-1 1 : a, besieged by Shalmaneser of 
Assyria; b. at the end of three years captured 
by his successor, Sargon; c. Sargon's own 
account of it, made captive 27,280 inhabi- 
tants; d, put the country under a governor, 
most of the inhabitants remaining in the land. 

3. Why did Samaria and Israel fall? 2 Kings 

xvii. 7~23: a, sinned against Jehovah; b, 
served other Gods; c, built high places; d. 
set up obelisks and Asherim; e, disregarded 
129 



130 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

seer and prophet; /. worshipped host of 
heaven; g, burnt children to heathen gods. 

4. Fate of the captives^ 2 Kings xvii. 6, 23; xviii. 

11: a, carried to Assyria, Halah, Habor, 
Gozan; b. among the Medes. 

5. Importations into Samaria y 2 Kings xvii. 24-41 ; 

a, Assyrian custom of deportation of peoples; 

b. sources of these importations; c. their 
trouble in Samaria; d, priest of Jehovah 
returned to them; e, their gods; f. their sub- 
sequent worship; g, their name, Samaritans. 

6. The Samaritans (see Smith, Bib. Diet.): a. their 

origin; b. location; c. worship; d, later atti- 
tude toward the Jews; e, Christ's words con- 
cerning them;/, their later history;^, present 
condition. 

7. HezekiaKs beginning against idolatry^ 2 Kings 

xviii. 1-8: a, did right as David; b. removed 
high places; e. brake obelisks; d. cut down 
Asherah; e, brake in pieces Moses' serpent. 

8. Hezekiah's reform in the temple service^ 2 Chron. 

xxix: a, opened doors of house of Jehovah; 
b, priests sanctify themselves; c, house of 
Jehovah cleansed and sanctified; d. solemn 
sacrifices with music of David and Asaph; e, 
burnt offerings, priests helped by Levites; 
/. great rejoicing. 

9. HezekiaKs political prosperity : a, rebelled 



JUDAH ALONE. 131 

against Assyria; b, conquered Philistines; c. 
in favor with Egypt. 

10. Observance of the passover^ 2 Chron. xxx — xxxi. 

i: a, its last observance previous to this; b, 
call by letters to all from Dan to Beer- 
sheba; c, response by Asher, Zebulon and 
Manasseh; <^. unclean of Ephraim, Manasseh, 
Issachar and Zebulon eat the passover (vs. 1 9) ; 
e, passover observed fourteen days; f. gifts 
of Hezekiah and princes; g. assembly 
destroys idolatry out of the land. 

11. Provisions for continuous temple worship, 2 

Chron. xxxi. 2-19: a, courses of Levites; b, 
the king's portion; c, Levite's portion in 
Jerusalem; d, tithes renewed; e, surplus pro- 
vided for. 

12. Hezekiah' s great prosperity — why? 2 Chron. 

xxxi. 20, 21. 

13. Contemporaneous history: ^.Assyria; b, Egypt; 

c, Syria; d, Phoenicia. 

14. Prophets active at this time: a, Isaiah; b, Micah. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 8 and 12. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 12, sec. i. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chap. 10. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 38. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 28 

and 29. 
Old Testament Student, March \\ 



132 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Cuneiform Inscriptions and Old Testament vol. i. 

pp. 251-278. 
Sayce, Fresh Light from Ancient Monuments. 

'* Life and Times of Isaiah. 
Driver, Isaiah, Men of the Bible. 
Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
Smith, Gr. A., Isaiah, vol. i.. Expositor's Bible. 

§66. HEZEKIAH'S reign after fall of SAMARIA. 

1 . Reviezv causes ^ siege and capture of Samaria, 

2. Give the kings (/) of Judah (^) of Israel with 

length of reigns. 

3. Sargo7is invasion y 2 Kings xviii. 13; Isa. xx: 

a, for Sennacherib, substitute Sargon in 2 
Kings xviii. 13; ^. Jerusalem not disturbed; c, 
Ashdod and Ethiopians made captives. 

4. Hezekiah's sicknesSy 2 Kings xx. i-i i ; 2 Chron. 

xxxii. 24-26; Isa. xxxviii: a. before Senna- 
cherib's invasion: (/) treasury still full, Isa. 
xxxix. 2, 6, contrasted with 2 Kings xviii. 
14-16; {2) deliverance from Assyria still in 
the future, Isa. xxxviii. 6; (j) no reference to 
deliverance in Hezekiah's psalm of thanks- 
giving — inexplicable if that were past; (^) 
Sennacherib began to reign, 705 B. C; (5) 
Hezekiah began to reign, 728 B. C. — 3d year 
of Hoshea of Israel, 2 Kings xviii. i, sick- 
ness about 7 [3 B. C. ; b. character, inflam- 
matory cutaneous disease or ulcers, Lev. xiii. 



JUDAH ALONE. 133 

8; Ex. ix. 9 sq. ; Deut. xxviii. 27; Job. ii. 7; 

c. meaning: (a) urge Hezekiah to better 
works; (^) turn him to himself and to his 
God, Isa. xxxviii. 17; d. Isaiah's prophecy, 
Isa. xxxviii. 1-8; 2 Kings xx. 5, 6; e. dial or 
steps, of Ahaz: (a) asking for signs frequent, 
Judg. vi. 17, 36 sq. ; i Sam. ii. 34; Matt. xii. 
38; xvi. I, etc.; (d) 2 Kings xx. 11, says 
shadow; Isaiah says sliadow with the siin\ 
(c) was it (/) refraction, (^) eclipse (there was 
one Sep. 13, 713 B. c), (j) optical illusion, 
or (^) miraculous. 

5. Hezekiah' s psalm of thanksgiving, Isa. xxxviii. 

10-20: Analyze this carefully after three 
attentive readings. 

6. Embassy of M[^B)erodach -baladan (ca. 710 B. C), 

2 Kings XX. 12-19; 2 Chron. xxxii. 31; Isa. 
xxxix: a. who were they? b. relations to 
Assyria; c. purpose of embassy: (/) con- 
gratulations, {2) inquire about dial, (j) effect 
a league, (^) espionage, (5) on God's part, 
"God left him to try him that he might know 
all that was in his heart," 2 Chron. xxxii. 31; 

d, reception : (/) friendly, [2) intimacy estab- 
lished, (j) pride exhibited; e, result: (/) to 
Hezekiah, {a) rebuke by Isaiah, [b) captivity 
foretold, {c) God's right recognized; [2) to 
embassy: (^) knew Judah and Jerusalem, {b) 
strengthened themselves in the southwest. 



134 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

7. Sennacherib's invasion (701 B. C), Isa. xiv. 24- 

27; xxxvi — xxxvii. 10; 2 Kings xviii. 14 — 
chap, xix; 2 Chron. xxxii. 1-23 (cf. Isa. xxii. 
*I-I4; xvii. 12-14; xviii. 1-7): a, who was 
Sennacherib? b, object of this expedition; c. 
time of his approach to Palestine, Isa. x; d, 
Hezekiah's water works; e, first demands 
before Jerusalem: (/) language spoken, {2) 
arguments for surrender; /. second set of 
messengers to Jerusalem; g. Hezekiah's use 
of the letter; h. Judah^s relations to Egypt; 
i, Isaiah's protest against alliance, Isa. xviii., 
XIX., XX. 4-6; XXX. 1-7 \j\ Hezekiah's tribute 
to Sennacherib; k, influence on Judah. Isa. 
xxii; /. fate of Assyrian army; m, Byron's 
poem; n. Isaiah's prophecy; 0. death of 
Sennacherib. 

8. During HezekiaJis whole career y review by events 

eve7i to details: a, reforms political and relig- 
ous; b. capture of Samaria; c, Sargon's in- 
vasion; d, Hezekiah's sickness; e. embassy 
from Babylon; f, Sennacherib's invasion; g. 
Isaiah's prominence in his reign; h, Heze- 
kiah's death. 

9. Contemporaneons history ^ cf. especially Rawlin- 

son and Old Testament Student: a. Assyria; 
b. Babylon; c. Syria; d. Ethiopia; e. Egypt. 

10. Prophets active at this time: a. Isaiah; b. Micah. 

Literature: 
GeikiCj Hours, vol. iv. chaps. 13-17, vol. v. i. 



JUDAH ALONE. 135 

Blaikie, Manual, chap, ii, sec. 4. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 11-13. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 38 in part. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 29. 
Sayce, Fresh Light from Ancient Monuments. 

'* Life and Times of Isaiah. 
Cuneiform Inscriptions and Old Testanient, vol. i. 

p. 278 — vol. ii. p. 39. 
Driver, Isaiah, Men of the Bible. 
Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
Smith, G. A., Isaiah, vol. i.. Expositor's Bible. 
Old Test. Student, March 1888. 
Smith, O. T. History, chap. 25 in part. 

§67. REIGNS OF MANASSEH (SS) AND AMON (2). 
B. C. ca. 698-641. 



2 Kings xxi; 2 Chron. xxxiii. 

1 . Condition of Jndah at the close of Hezekiah's 

reign: a, religiously; b, politically. 

« 

2. Accession of Manasseh: a. at twelve years of 

age; b. had a righteous father, and probably 
a righteous mother; c. but evil counsellors. 

3. Reasons for an anti-religions movement: <^. su- 

premacy of Jehovah worship since Ahaz's 
time; b, presence of idolaters in the court; 
^.presence of foreigners in the land; d, seem- 
ing scarcity of prophets and faithful priests. 



136 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

4. Kinds of heathen zvorship revived and introduced^ 

describe each: a, high places; b. Baal; c. 
Asherah; d. all the host of heaven; e, burnt 
his children in fire, see §24. 8; /. practiced 
augury and enchantments. 
Note. — Valley of Hinnom-Topliet, Jer. vii. 31, 32; Ezek. xxiii. 
37, 39. 

5. ManasseKs persecutions of the faithftU: a, shed 

innocent blood, very much, 2 Kings xxi. 4; 

b. traditional death of Isaiah; c, cf Jezebel 
and Athaliah's persecutions — conflicts be- 
tween idolatry and true worship. 

6. Jehovalis prophets and words to Manasseh^ 2 

Kings xxi. 10-16; 2 Chron. xxxiii. lO: a, 
some prophets still alive; b, Jerusalem to be 
as Samaria; c, remnant to be delivered into 
the hands of spoilers. 

7. Manasseh's captivity^ 2 Chron. xxxiii. 11-13; a. 

Judah in league with S. W. peoples against 
Assyria; b, Asurbanipal, king of Assyria 
and Babylon, captures Manasseh; c, peni- 
tence; ^.return; ^.occurred about 672 B.C. 

8. Manasseh^ s reform and death: a, attempts to 

undo his former wicked deeds; b, but only 
of a superficial nature; c, death and burial. 

9. Amon's reign^ 2 Kings xxi. 19-26; 2 Chron. 

xxxiii. 21-25; ^- ''Amon" is the name of an 
Egyptian deity; b, began at 22 years of age; 

c. did evil as Manasseh; d, served images 
Manasseh had made; e. slain by his servants 
in his own house; /. buried in his own sep- 
ulchre. 



JUDAH ALONE. 137 

10. Contemporaneous history: a. Assyria; b, Baby- 

Ion; c, Egypt. 

11. Prophets active: a. 2 Kings xxi. lo; b, 2 Chron. 

xxxiii. 10; c, 2 Chron. xxxiii. 18. 
Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chaps. 2-4. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 11, sec. 4. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chap. 14. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 39. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chaps. 30, 

31. 
Sayce, Fresh Light from Ancient Monuments. 
Cun. Inscrip. and Old Test., vol. ii. pp. 39-43. 
Old Test. Student, May 1888. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 25. 

§68. JOSIAH'S REIGN AND REFORMS. 
B. C. 641-610. 



Kings xxii — xxiii. 30; 2 Chron. xxxiv., xxxv; 
Jer. i — x; Zeph. i — iii. and Nahum. 



Accession of Josiah: a, at eight years of age; b, 

walked in ways of David his father. 
Condition of Judah at beginning of Josiah's 

reign: a, politically; b. religiously. 
Reasons for a revival: a, the pendulum must 

swing back; b. Josiah's early training; c. 

faithful few; d, preaching of the prophets; e. 

probably a Scythian invasion. 



138 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

4. JosiaJis purifications in arid out of Jerusalem: 

a. of idols: (/) Asherah in the temple, (^) Baal 
vessels, etc., (j) graven and molten images 
of all kinds, (^) sun images, (5) horses and 
chariots of the sun; b. places of worship: (/) 
high places, (^) Tophet, (j) houses of 
Sodomites, {4) altars of Ahaz on housetops, 
(5) altars of Manasseh in courts of house of 
Jehovah, {6) high places of Solomon, (7) 
altar of Jeroboam son of Nebat at Bethel, 
(<?) high places in Samaria, Simeon and 
Naphtali; c, worshippers: (/) put down idola- 
trous priests at Jerusalem, (^) sacrificed the 
priests on the altars, (j) burned priests' bones 
on the altar, (^) remarkable fulfillment of 
prophecy, 2 Kings xxiii. 16, with i Kings 
xiii. 2 (345 years earlier). 

5. Repairs of the temple and discovery of the law: 

a, collections inside and outside of Jerusalem; 

b, repairs of wood and stone; c, scroll of law 
found — that it had existed at an earlier day 
is shown: (/) by its instant recognition, (^) 
by its briefness, as only Deuteronomy could 
have been read through in one session, (j) at 
coronation of Joash, the testimony was put 
into his hands, (^) David directed services 
according to the law of Jehovah, (5) Joshua 
read the law at Gerizim; d, in i8th year of his 
reign. 



JUDAH ALONE. 3 39 

6. Effect of this ''find'' on king and people: a, at its 

reading Josiah rends his clothes; b. Huldah, 
the prophetess, inquires of Jehovah for him; c, 
people assembled; d, law read; e, covenant 
entered into. 

7. Re-institntio7t of the passover: a. exactly in 

accordance with the law; b. more complete 
than since the judges; c. further cleansing of 
the land of witches, etc. 

8. Real eondition of JndaJi as a people: Jer. i — x, 

9. Relations of Egypt to tJie East, Nineveh and 

Babylon, 

10. JosiaJis raslmess afid death: a. Necho's expedi- 

tion; b, Josiah's eastern lord, who was he? c. 
Josiah rebuked; d. rashness and death; e. 
elegy of Jeremiah and mourning of all Israel. 

11. JosiaJis character and work: a, intensely religi- 

ous; b, poor politician; c, medium force; d, 
work necessarily superficial; e. not always 
wise. 

12. Contemporaneous history: a, Assyria; b, Baby- 

lon; c, Egypt. 

13. Prophets active 7iow: a, Huldah; b. Jeremiah; 

c. Nahum; d, Zephaniah. 
Literature : 
Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chaps. S, 8-11. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 1 1, sec. 4. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 15 and 16. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 39 in part. 



140 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 32. 
Cun. Inscrip. and Old Testament, vol. ii. pp. 43-47. 
Old Test. Student, May 1888. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Josiah. 
Cheyne, T. K., Jeremiah, Men of the Bible. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 25 in part. 
Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
Ball, C. J., Jeremiah, Expositor's Bible. 

§69. DECLINE UNDER JEHOAHAZ (3 M.) 
AND JEHOIAKIM (ll). 

B. C. 609-599. 



2 Kings xxiii. 30 — xxiv. 6; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 1-8; 

Jer. xxii. 18, 19; xxv., xxvi., xxvii. i-ii; 

XXXV., xxxvi., xlv. 5 xlvi. 1-12; xlvii. 



I . Give the kings of Judah in order ^ with length 

of reigns, 
.2. Condition of Jitdah at accession of Jehoahaz, 

3. Career of Jehoahaz; 2 Kings xxiii. 30-34; 2 

Chron. xxxvi. 1-4; Jer. xxii. 11,12: <^. made 
king by the people; b, deposed after three 
months by Necho; c, land taxed; d, Jehoahaz 
exiled in Egypt. 

4. Jehoiakims accession: a. set up by Necho as his 

subject; b, name changed from Eliakim; c. 
tribute paid to Egypt. 

5 . Jeremiah's deliverance to Jehoiakim^ xxvi., xxvii. 



jUDAH ALONE. 141 

i-ii: a. captivity of Judah; b, fall of Jeru- 
salem; c. overthrow of Babylon; d, fall of 
all the nations of the East, all on account of 
sins of Judah. 

6. Jehoiakim's religiotts policy: a. suppression of 

the prophets: (/) Urijah, (2) Jeremiah, (j) 2 
Kings xxiv. 4; b, destruction of prophecies 
against himself: (/) events leading to the read- 
ing of the roll, {2) cutting and burning the 
same, (j) hunt for the originators. 

7. Contemporaneous history: a. Assyria; b, Baby- 

lon; c, Egypt; d, Syria. 

8. Give a full statement regarding the geographical 

points in this section. 

9. Prophets active here: a, Jeremiah; b, Urijah; 

c. Zephaniah; d, Habakkuk. 
Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chaps. 13-15. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 11, sec. 5. 
Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chaps. 16 and 17. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 40. 
Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 33. 
Old Test. Student, June 1888. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Jehoiakim, 
Cheyne, Jeremiah, Men of the Bible. 
Sayce, Fresh Lights from Ancient Monuments. 
Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
Ball, Jeremiah, Expositor's Bible. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 25 in part. 



142 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

§70. FINAL DECLINE UNDER JEHOIACHIN (3 M.) 
AND ZEDEKIAH (ll). B. C. 699 — 587. 



I. Jehoiachin^ 2 Kings xxiv. 8-16; xxv. 

27-30; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 9, 10; Jer. xxii. 
20-30; xxiv. i; xxix. 

1. Political status of Jiidah: a, subject to Babylon ; 

b. probably suspecting revolt, Nebukadrezzar 
lays siege to Jerusalem; c, king, princes, arti- 
zans, come out and surrender; d. carried to 
Babylon. 

2. Religious policy of Jehoiachin: a. did evil in 

the sight of Jehovah; b, provoked Jeremiah, 
who called him a '' despised broken vessel" 
(xxvi. 28); c, brought on his captivity. 

3. Jereinialis attitude : a. Jer. xiii. 18-21; b, xxii. 

24-30. 

II. Zedekiah, 2 Kings xxiv. 17 — xxv. 7; 2 
Chron. xxxvi. 1 1-16; Jer. xxi. i-io; xxii; 
xxvii. 12-22; xxviii., xxxii — xxxiv. , 
xxxvii — xxxix; lii. i-ii. 

1. Accession : a, third son of Josiah; b, began 598 

B. C; c, Mattaniah (gift of Jah) changed 
to Zedekiah (righteousness of Jah), cf. Jer. 
xxiii. 5,6;^. vassal to Babylon. 

2. Religious policy of Zedekiah: a. at first, favor- 

able to law of Moses: (/) declaring freedom 
to Jewish slaves under Jewish masters, [2) 
sending exhortations to captives at Babylon. 



JUDAH ALONE. 143 

3. Embassies to Babylon : a, with Jeremiah's letter, 

Jer. xxix. 1-20; b. Zedekiah's trip to Baby- 
lon, Jer, li. 59-64: (/) to relieve suspicions, 
(^) to re-afifirm allegiance to Babylon. 

4. Political entangleine7its zvitJi Egypt: a, advice of 

the Egyptian party; b. new king, Hophra, on 
throne of Egypt; c, false prophecies about 
early fall of Babylon, Jer. xxviii. i-ii; d, 
petty kings who were ambassadors to Jeru- 
salem^ Jer. xxvii. 3; e, Zedekiah sent 
ambassadors to Egypt to negotiate an alli- 
ance, Ezek. xvii. 5; y. league with Egypt 
probably made; g, open rebellion against 
Babylon, 2 Kings xxiv. 20; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 
13 (589 B. C). 

5. Jeremialis zeal against Zedekiah's decision: a, 

avoid Egypt; b. be faithful to Babylon; c, 
serve Jehovah. 

6. Approach of the Babylonian army : a, the 

army with Nebukadr ezzar in person; b. re- 
course to divination, Ezek. xxi. 20-22; c. 
ravaging of Judah; d. encampment about 
Jerusalem. 

7. Contemporaneous history: a, Babylon; b, Egypt; 

c. Media. 

8. Prophets active now: a. Jeremiah; b, 2 Chron. 

xxxvi. 16, 

Literature: 
Geikie^ Hours, vol. v. chaps. 17 and 18. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 11, sees. 5 and 6. 



144 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Edersheim, Bible History, vol. vii. chap. 17. 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 40 in part. 

Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 34. 

Cun. Inscrip. and Old Testament, vol. ii. pp. 37-42* 

Cheyne, Jeremiah, His Life and Times. 

Ball, Jeremiah, Expositor's Bible. 

Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 

Geikie, O. T. Characters, on Jeremiah. 

Old Test. Student, June 1888. 

Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 25. 



ELEVENTH PERIOD. 

EXILE. FALL OF JERUSALEM TO FALL 
OF BABYLON. B. C. 587—537. 

§71. THE FALL OF JERUSALEM. 
587 B. C. 



Jer. XXV. 8-38; xxi. i — xxii. 1-9; xxiv., xxxii., 

xxxiii., xxxiv; 2 Kings xxv, 8-22; 2 Chron. 

xxxvi. 17-21; Jer. Hi. 12-30; Jer. 

xxxix., xl. 

1. Its prediction^ when and by whom? a, Isaiah 

to Hezekiah, 2 Kings xx. 17; <5. prophets to 
Manasseh, 2 Kings xxi. 10-16; c. Huldah 
to Josiah, 2 Kings xxii. 16, 17, with Deut. 
xxviii. 25, 52-68; d, Jeremiah to Jehoiakim, 
Jer. xxv. 9-1 1 ; e. Jeremiah to Zedekiah, Jer. 
xxxiv. 2, 3; of the minor prophets, Micah iii. 
12; vii. 13; Zephaniah i. 2-6. 

2. Mediate and immediate causes: I. mediate: a, 

alliances between Solomon and outside 
peoples; b. between Jehoshaphat and Ahab; 

c, corruption of kings of Judah; d, rebellion 
of kings of Judah against their masters. II. 
immediate: a, entanglements with Egypt; b, 
Zedekiah's rebellion against Babylon ; c. his 
disregard of Jeremiah and all the prophets; 

d. his obstinacy at the siege. 

145 



146 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

3. Tlie investment: a. location of the city; b, camp 

of Babylonians; c. methods of siege; d, time. 

4. Oecitrrenecs during the siege: a. consternation of 

the people; b. exhortations of prophets; e, in- 
terposition of Egypt; d. threatened famine; e. 
attempted negotiations; /.plans of escape. 

5. Jeremiah's personal attitude: a, advises sur- 

render, submission; b. sides with chastisers. 

6. Capture and phinderings^ at end of eighteen 

months: a. breach made in the walls; b. flight 
of king and army; c. capture of king and 
attendants; d. carrying off the population. 

7. Treatment of the captives: a, Zedekiah con- 

demned at Riblah; b, his sons and princes 
slain before him; c. his own eyes put out; 
d, sent in fetters to Babylon. 
8 Treatment of Jeremiah. 

9. Nebiizaradarts return and destruction of Jeru- 

salem: a. plunderings; b. fire; c. razing the 
walls; d, carrying away the people. 

10. Review the five captivities of Jerusalem by 

Nebukadrezzar^ cf. Jer. lii. 28-30. 

1 1 . Significance of the fall of Jerusalem for Judah: 

a, end of city of David; b. end of the nation; 
c, end of the temple-centre of Jehovah wor- 
ship; d, end of a home for Israel. 
Literature : 

Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chaps. 3-6. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 12, sec. I. 



THE EXILE. 147 

Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 40. 

Rawlinson, Kings of Israel and Judah, chap. 34. 

Can. Inscrip. and Old Testament, vol. ii. pp. 47-51. 

Clieyne, Jeremiah, His Life and Times. 

Ball, Jeremiah, Expositor's Bible. 

Old Test. Student, June 1888. 

Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 26. 

Price, Syllabus of the Minor Prophets, pp. 13, 15. 

§72, REMNANTS IN PALESTINE AND EGYPT. 



2 Kings XXV. 22-26; Jer. xl-xliv; Ezek. xxxvi. 



Provisions of Nebiikadrezzar for the reimiant 
in Palestine: ^.Gedaliah appointed governor 
by Nebukadrezzar over all remaining in the 
cities and in the country; b. his exhortations 
to the people; c, return of the Jews out of 
Moab, Ammon and Edom. 

Murder of Gedaliah by Ishmael of seed royal: 
a. Gedaliah warned by Johanan; b, Gedaliah, 
Jews and Chaldeans smitten at Mizpah; c, 
Ishmael slays seventy men from Shechem; d. 
ten from Shechem saved; e, leads captive 
the house of Gedaliah. 

Johanan's supremacy: a. Johanan's pursuit of 
Ishmael; b, IshmaePs flight and return of 
captives; c, Johanan's victory, and home near 
Bethlehem. 



148 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

4. Jeremiah's word-of-JehovaJi to this remnant: a. 

be content here and Jehovah will build you 
up; b. enter Egypt and ye shall die by sword, 
pestilence and famine. 

5. Their flight into Egypt: a. against Jeremiah's 

warnings they go down to Egypt; b, Jeremiah 
and Baruch taken along; e, other Jews there, 
Jer. xxiv. 8, 9; xliv. i. 

6. Jeremiah's prophecy at Tahpahnes: a. announc- 

ing Nebukadrezzar's supremacy there; b, de- 
struction of Egypt's gods; c. destruction of 
the Jews on account of their wickedness. 

7. Social and literary surroundings of the Jews 

in Egypt: a. abundant wealth; b, luxury on 
all hands; c. vice regnant; d, idolatry every- 
where; e, women's replies to Jeremiah. 

8. End of the Jewish exiles in Egypt: a, perished 

there for the most part; b. a few returned to 
Judah, Jer. xliv. 14, 27; c, some were carried 
to Babylon (Josephus). 

9. Political history of Egypt during the exile of 

these Jews, 
I o. EzekieVs prophecies concerning the fate of Egypt. 
Chaps, xxix. 17-21; xxx., xxxii. 

1 1 . Condition of Palestine during the re^naining 

years of the Babylonian exile. 

12. Means of intercommunication between the exiled 

Jews of various countries. 



THE EXILE. 149 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chaps. 9 and 10. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 40 in part. 
Old Test. Student, June 1888. 
Cheyne, Jeremiah, His Life and Times. 
Ball, The Prophecies of Jeremiah, Expositor's Bible. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 26 in part. 

§73. THE BABYLONIAN EXILE OF THE JEWS. 



Ezek. iii., xi. 14--25; xii. 21-28; xiv., xvii — xx., 
xxxiii., xxxiv; Jer. xxix; Dan. i., ii. 



1. Its prediction y when and by whom ? a. Isaiah to 

Hezekiah, 2 Kings xx. 17, 18; ^. Micah to 
Judah, iv. 10; c, Jeremiah, xxv. 11; xxxiv. 

2, 3. 

2. Captivities initiating this exile — all by Nebn- 

kadrezzar: a, third year of Jehoiakim, (ca. 
607 B. c), 2 Kings xxiv. i; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 
6, 7; Dan. i. i, 2; b. close of Jehoiakim's 
reign, (ca. 599 B. c), Jer. Hi. 28, 3,023 per- 
sons; c. beginning of Jehoiachin's reign, (ca. 
598 B. c), 2 Kings xxiv. 10-16; 2 Chron. 
xxxvi. 10, 10,000 persons; d, double deport- 
ation at fall of Jerusalem, (/) 2 Kings xxv. 
8-21; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 18-20; Jer. xxxix. 8- 
10; Iii. 12-27, (^) Jer. Hi. 29, 832 persons; 
e, deportation of a remnant, Jer. Hi. 30, 745 
persons, (ca. 583 B. C.) 



150 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

3. Babylonian empire: a. extent; b. capital; c. 

king; d. political policy; e, religious policy; 
/. history. 

4. Localities assigned to the exiles: «. in Babylon, 

e.g. Daniel and companions; b, on the Che- 
bar, e. g. Ezekiel; c. among all the peoples of 
the empire, Jer. xxix. 14, 7 ; iii. 18, and often. 

5. Classes of exiles: a. those in favor with the 

court, Dan. i. 19-21; ii. 46-49; b. common 
laborers — lower classes, Jer. xxix; Ezek. 
xiii; c. pretentious prophets, Ezek. xiii; Jer. 
xxix. 

6. Social condition of the exiles: a. Jehoiachin, 2 

Kings XXV. 27, and Daniel, i. 19-21, etc; b^ 
others ill treated, cf. Isa. Ix. i ; c, well treated, 
cf. Jer. xxix. 4-7; also Ezek. and Esther 
throughout; d. maintained family and tribal 
relations, 

7. Political condition of the exiles: a. subjects of 

Babylon; b. with longing for Jerusalem; c. 
other points? 

8. Religions condition of the exiles., cf. Geikie, vi. 

16: a. idolatry rampant, ci. Ezek. viii; Jer. 
xliv; b, false prophets active, Jer. xxix. 4-8; 
c. Ezekiel faithful to Jehovah; d. a few fol- 
lowers cling to the true faith ; e. other points? 

9. Institutions during the exile: a. fasts, Zech. vii. 

2, 3, 5J ^.schools, Ezra viii. 15-20. 
ID. Literary activity in the exile: a. Jeremiah's 



THE EXILE. 151 

later prophecies, giveii in Egypt; b. Ezekiel's 
(595-572 B. C.) wonderfully logical and forci- 
ble prophecies; ^. Ezra's collection and editing 
of texts; d, establishment of schools, formu- 
lating of lengthy traditions, etc. 

11. Daniel in Babylon: (^.trained in the court; b, 

employed in the court; c. interprets Nebu- 
kadrezzar's dream, Dan. i. 16-21; ii. 1-49. 

12. Contemporaneoics history of Babylon. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. v. chap. 20; vi. chaps. 11 and 13. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 12. sees. 3 and 4. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 41. 
Daniel, His Life and Times, Men of the Bible. 
Cun. Inscrip. and Old Test. vol. ii. pp. 124-136. 
Old and New Test. Student, July and Aug. 1889. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 26. 



TWELFTH PERIOD. 

THE RETURN. FALL OF BABYLON TO 
CLOSE OF OLD TESTAMENT. 



§74. THE FALL OF BABYLON. 
B. C. 537. 



1. Its prediction y by whom and when? a, Isaiah, 

chaps, xiii., xiv; xxi. 9, 10; xli. 1-7, etc.; b. 
Jeremiah; XXV. 12; xxviii. 4, 11; 1., li; c. 
Ezekiel, xxxvii. 15; xxxiv. 39. 

2. Its location^ size, importance, 

3. Kings of Babylon since Nebnkadrezzar : a. 

names; b, right to the throne; c, character 
and length of reign; d, chief events of each 
reign. 

4. Rise of the Persian and Elamite powers: a, Cy- 

rus' ancestry; b. his first conquests in the 
East; c. his advances to the North. 

5. Cyrus' conquests in the West: a. extent ; b, 

methods; c. kind of sovereignty established. 

6. Cyrus' conquests in the region of Babylon : a. 

reason of approach; b, policy; c. success. 

7. Belshazzars feast: a, king at this time; b. Bel- 

shazzar's office; c, kind of feast; d, doings 
of the banqueters; e, writing on the wall; f, 
Daniel. 

152 



THE RETURN. 153 

8. Capture of Babylon: a. last point to be taken; 

b, easy entrance and capture; c, Daniel's po- 
sition. 

9. Significance to civilization: a, end of Semitic 

sway and Oriental history; b, beginning of 
classical history; c, beginning of religious 
liberty; d. emancipation of Jewish exiles. 
Litei'attire: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. (12, 14, 15 on the pro- 
phets) 16. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 12. sec. 5. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 42. 
Daniel, His Life and Times, Men of the Bible. 
Old and New Test. Student, July and Aug. 1889. 
Transactions of Society of Biblical Archaeology, vol. 

vii. pp. 139-176. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 26. 

§75. THE FIRST RETURN. 
B. C. S36. 



Chron. xxxvi. 22,23; Ezra i — iii; cf. Pss. xcvii. 
xcix., cxv., cxxvi. 
Edict of Cyrus: a, substance of it; b. motive 
in Cyrus' mind; c, Cyrus a monotheist or 
polytheist? d. political significance. 
Assistance given the pilgrims: a, by command 
of Cyrus; b, only freewill offerings; c. vessels 
of the old temple at Jerusalem — 5,400 in 
number. 



154 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

3. Classes of those who retiirned: a, 42,360 Jews; 

^- 7>337 slaves — 200 of them singers; c. of 
24 courses of priests, four returned, consist- 
ing of 4,000 persons; d, 74 Levites. 

Note — Were there representatives of all the tribes? 

4. The caravan: a. accompanied by 1000 cavalry, 

according to tradition; r. four months on the 
way. 

5. Spirit of the reticrn; cf. Isa. xl., xlviii. 20, 21; 

Dan. ix. 20; Ps. cxxxvii: a. religious im- 
pulse; b. national pride; c, local attractions 
— Jerusalem. 

6. Possessors of Palestine at their arrival: a. under 

Persian rule; b. occupied by some Jews; c. 
Samaritan peoples. 

7. ZembbabeVs leadership: a, ancestry; ^. zeal; 

c. power as leader; d, religious character. 

8. Steps toward rebuilding the temple: a, collec- 

tions; b. arrangements with Tyre for timber; 
c. unanimity of interest. 

9. Re-institution of the rites of worships Ps. cxv. 

10. Laying of the corner-stone of the second temple^ 

Ps. Ixxxvii., cvi., cvii., cxviii., cxx-cxxxiv., 
cxxxvi: ^. Levites' part in it; ^. joy of young 
men, sorrow of old men. 
Literature: 

Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. 17. 

Blaikie, Manual, chap. 13, sees, i and 2. 

Stanley, Jewish Churchy Lee. 43, first half. 

Old and New Test. Student, Sept. 1890. 

Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 27. 



THE RETURN. I55 

§76. BUILDING OF THE SECOND TEMPLE. 
Ezra iv — vi; Haggai and Zechariah. 



1 . Delay of fifteen years, caused by the Samaritans: 

a, ground of opposition; b. means of stop- 
ping the work. 

2. Condition of the colony at end of fifteen years: 

a, small crops, frequent droughts; b, living 
in ceiled houses, neglectful of house of Je- 
hovah. 

3. Haggai' s work in changing the order of affairs: 

a. rebuked the people; b, encouraged them to 
build the temple; c. gave promise of greater 
glory here than in the first temple; d. char- 
acter of Haggai's book. 

4. Cyrus edict renewed by Darius II: a, letter to 

Darius ; b, edict of Cyrus found in the records ; 
c. re-issued and Jews strengthened by help 
of the governor; d, time of this event. 

5. Zechariah' s work in urging on tJie building of 

the temple: a. affirms a new beginning; b, 
foretells great success and glory; c. does it 
mainly by visions ; d, character of Zechariah's 
book. 

6. Finishing the second temple: a, time, Ezra vi. 

IS J b.]oy2X ftie dedication; c. extensive sac- 
rifices; d. as written in the book of Moses. 

7. Contemporaneous Persian history, 537-5^5 B C: 

a, Cyrus, 558-529; b, Cambyses, 529-522; 



156 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

c. false Smerdis, 8 or 9 months; d, Darius 

(II.) Hystaspes, 521-486. 
8. Other contemporaneous history: a. battle of 

Marathon, 490 B. C. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. 17 in part, and 18. 
Sianley, Jewish Church, Lee. 43, second half. 
Wright, Zechariah and his Prophecies. 
Haggai and Zechariah, Cambridge Bible. 
Farrar, Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. 
Dods, in The Expositor, 1886. 
Old and New Test. Student, Sept. 1889. 
Price, Syllabus of the Minor Prophets, pp. 18, 19. 
Smith, Old Test. History, chap. 27. 

^77. QUEEN ESTHER. 
Esther i-x. 



1. Authorship: Give various views. 

2. Time and place of composition: a. about 478 

B. C. ; b. in Susa — these answers are only 
probable. 

3. Persian empire: ^.extent; ^. power; c. capital; 

d. contemporaneous history. 

4. Susa: a. location; b, size; c, as excavated to- 

day. 

5. Special festival in sessiof^: a. time of year; b. 

guests; ^. sumptuousness; d. length; e. ob- 
ject. 

6. Events leading to the choice of Esther as queen: a. 



THE RETURN. 157 

banquet of servants; b, king's demand of 
Vashti; c, her refusal and deposition; d. 
gathering of maidens; e, choice of Esther; /. 
Mordecai's scheme. 

7. Ha^naiis hatred of Jews and edict agamst them: 

a. cause; ^. means of revenge; c. distribution 
and number of Jews in the empire; d, effect 
of this edict on them. 

8. Mordecai's scheme and victory: a. Esther's in- 

tercession; b, Mordecai's promotion; c, Ha- 
man's death; d, conflict of the Jews; e, com- 
memoration of the event — Purim. 

9. Esther as a plot or play, 

10. Object of this book: a. give an insight into the 

distribution and power ofthe Jews at that time; 

b, describe the origin of the feast of Purim. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. 19. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 13, sec. 3. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 45 in part. 
Old and New Test. Student, Oct. 1889. 
Book of Esther and Palace of Ahasuerus, Biblio- 

theca Sacra, Oct. 1889. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Esther. 

^78. SECOND RETURN. — UNDER EZRA. 
Ezra vii — x. 



I. Persian history from completion of the second 



158 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

temple to Ezra, 517-458 B. C: a. Darius II, 
521-486; h. Xerxes, 486-465 ; c. Artaxerxes, 
465-425. 

2. Preliminary preparations for a Jotirney to Jeru- 

salem: a. decree of Artaxerxes; b. assem- 
bling at the river Ahava; c. search for Levites ; 
d, fast; e, amount of precious metal; /. pre- 
pared for the journey. 

3. Journey and arrival: a, time on the way; b. 

safety under way; c. arrival and rest; ^.of- 
ferings; e. commissions delivered to Persian 
officers. 

4. Ezra's sorrow and prayer : a, trespass in case of 

mixed marriages; b. Ezra's grief; c. sub- 
stance of Ezra's prayer. 

5. Ezras victory : a. assembly of people; b. oath 

to put away strange wives and children; c. 

penalty for the one who should disregard this; 

d, time needed for the divorcement cases. 
Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. 20 in part. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 13, sec. 4. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 44 in part. 
Old and New Test. Student, Oct.— Dec. 1889. 

§79. THE THIRD RETURN. — NEHEMIAH. 
Nehemiah i — xiii. Other Scripture same as §78. 



I. Nehemiah at Susa: a, his position; b, relation to 
Mordecai; c. influence with the king; d. 



THE RETURN. 159 

means of bringing about his permission to 
go to Jerusalem. 

2. Rettcrn and attendants: a. accompanied by cav- 

alry; b. brought letters to governors in the 
west; c. enemies of Israel grieved. 

3. Walls of Jerusalem: a. explored by night; b, 

scorn of Sanballat and company; c, orderly 
building of the walls and gates; d, completed 
in fifty-two days; e, dedication, chap. xii. 
27 sq. 

4. Opposition of Sanballat and coinpany: a, men 

of Israel watch and pray; b, half-armed for 
work, half for fight; c. builders armed for 
defense; d. people relieved for work by abol- 
ishing usury and restoring mortgaged prop- 
erty. 

5. Sanballafs provocation: a. challenge to Nehe- 

miah; b, the latter's wise retort; c, attempted 
intimidation of Nehemiah; d. challenge to 
meet in the temple. 

6. Reforms of Ezra and Nehemiah: a, regular 

reading of the law of Moses; b. dwelling in 
booths at the great feasts'; c. observance of 
the Sabbath ; d, regular service of the temple 

7. Prayer of praise, chap. 9: analyze it. 

8. Nehemiah' s return to Snsa^and second journey 

to Jerusalem: a Tobiah's offence; ^.appoint- 
ment of new officers; c. Sabbath breaking; 
d, mixed marriages. 



160 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

9. Other work of Ezra and Neheniiah: a. collect- 
ing sacred books; b. interpreting sacred 
books; c, teaching students of the law; d. 
originating synagogue worship. 
Note. — Idolatry not discoverable after the exile. 

Literature: 
Geikie, Hours, vol. vi. chap. 20. 
Blaikie, Manual, chap. 13, sec. 5. 
Stanley, Jewish Church, Lee. 44. 
Old and New Testament Student, Jan., Feb. 1890. 
Geikie, Old Test. Characters, on Nehemiah, 

§80. GENERAL REVIEW. 

1. Describe the Old Testament world. 

2. Describe Palestine in detail. 

3. Give the kinds of Literature, the Books, and 

the number of chapters in each book, in the 
Old Testament. 

4. Give the twelve periods of Old Testament His- 

tory, with their dates. 

5. Give the sections in the first two periods — the 

introduction to the history of Israel. 

6. Give the sections in the next three periods 

finishing the Pentateuch. 



REVIEW. 161 

7. Give the sections in the periods of the Conquest 

and Judges. 

8. Give the sections in the period of the Kingdom. 

9. Give the sections in the Dual Kingdom period. 

10. Give the sections in the period of Judah Alone. 

11. Give the sections in the last two periods of Old 

Testament History. 

12. Try to think through each period, naming to 

yourself each section from beginning to end. 



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3 

PQ 


Nebukadrezzar conquers western 
' rebels. 

Judah captive in Babylon. 

Death of Nebukadrezzar; ac- 
cession of Evil Merodach. 

Neriglissar (559-555)- 

Nabonidus (553-538) Belshazzar 

prince regent. 
Cyrus captures Babylon. Darius 

ruler. Daniel a high official. 


1 


Jeremiah al- 
lowed to re- 
main in Pal- 
estine. 

Jeremiah in 
Egypt. 


< 
•— > 


18. Jehoiachin (3 mo.). 
Rebels and is carried to Bab- 
ylon by Nebukadrezzar. 
Third captivity. 

19. Zedekiah (11). 
Enthroned by Babylon. 
Plays fast and loose with 
Babylon and Egypt. 

Jerusalem beiieged by Nebu- 
kadrezzar. 

Jerusalem captured and laid 
waste by Babylonians. In- 
habitants carried to Babylon. 
Fourth captivity. 
Gedaliah governor of rem- 
nant. Slain by Ishmael. 
Johanan carries Jeremiah and 
others to Egypt. 

Another captivity (fifth) of 
the Jews. Jer. lii. 30. 

Jehoiachin (in exile since 598) 
.set free, and honored (2 Kgs. 
XXV. 27-30.) 

Jews emancipated. 






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m if» vo »n IT) xTixn »r> ir> «o in 



168 






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170 



OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



SECTION V. — THE KINGS OF JUDAH. 



Old Date. 


KINGS. 


Prophets. 


Contemporaneous 
Kings of Israel. 


975 


I. Rehoboam (17). 


Shemaiah, 
Iddo. 


Jeroboam. 


957 


2. Abijam (3). 


(( 


955 


3. Asa (41). 


Azariah, 
Hanani, 
Jehu. 


*' Nadab, Baasha, 
Elah, Zimri, Omri, Ahab. 


914 


4. Jehoshaphat (25) 


Jehu,Jahaz- 
iel, EHe- 


Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehoram. 


889 


5. Jehoram (8). 


zer. 


Jehoram. 


885 


6, Ahaziah (i). 




t( 


884 


(0) Athaliah (6). 


Obadiah. 


Jehu. 


878 
839 


7. Joash (40). 

8. Amaziah (29). 


Joel, Zech- 
ariah. 


'' Jehoahaz, Joash. 
Joash, Jeroboam II. 


810 

758 
742 
728 


9. Uzziah (52). 

10. Jotham (16). 

11. Ahaz (16). 

12. Hezekiah (29). 


Zechariah, 
Joel. 

Isaiah, 
Micah. 

Oded. 


Jeroboam II, Zachariah, 
Shallum, Menahem, Pe- 
kahiah, Pekah. 

Pekah. 

" Hoshea. 
Hoshea. 


698 


13. Manasseh (55). 






743 


14. Amon (2). 


Nahum. 




641 
610 


15. Josiah (31). 

16. Jehoahaz (3 mo.). 


Jeremiah. 
Zephaniah. 




598 


17. Jehoiakim (11). 

18. Jehoiachin (3 mo.). 

19. Zedekiah (11). 


Habakkuk. 




587 


FALL OF JERUSALEM. 







THE DYNASTIES OF ISRAEL. 



171 



SECTION VI. — THE DYNASTIES OF ISRAEL. 



Dynasties. 



First. 



■\ 



Second 



Third. 



Fourth. { 



Fifth. 



Sixth. 



Seventh -< 



Eighth. 
Ninth. 



KINGS. 



1. Jeroboam (22). * 

2. Nadab (2). 

3. Baasha (24). 

4. Elah (2). 

5. Zimri (7 days). 

6. Omri (12). 

7. Ahab (22). 

8. Ahaziah (2). 

9. Jehoram (12). 

10. Jehu (28). 

11. Jehoahaz (17). 

12. Joash (16). 

13. Jeroboam II (41). 

14. Zachariah (6 mo.), 

15. Shallum (i mo.), 

16. Menahem (10). 

17. Pekahiah (2). 

18. Pekah (20). 

19. Hoshea (9). 



Prophets. 



Ahijah. 
Iddo. 

Jehu. 



Elijah, Mi- 

caiah. 
Elisha. 



Jonah. 

Hose a. 
Amos. 



Oded. 



Contemporaneous 
Kings of Judah. 



Rehoboam, Abijah, 
Asa. 



Jehoshaphat. 



Jehoram, Ahaz- 
iah, 



Joash. 



" Amaziah. 
Amaziah. 
Uzziah. 



*' Jotham, Ahaz. 
Ahaz, Hezekiah. 



* Years of reign. 



LIST OF WORKS 

QUOTED OR REFERBED TO IN THIS SYLLABUS. 

— ALSO A 

SUPPLEMENTAL LIST 

Of Works which may be Consulted in a more Comprehensive Study. 



B 

Baedeker, Syria and the Holy Land. Leipzig, 1885. 

Ball, C. J., Prophecies of Jeremiah, Expositor's Bible, New York, 

1890. 
Barclay, J. T., The City of the Great King. Philadelphia, 1858. 
Barrows, E. P., Sacred Geography and Antiquities. American Tract 

Society, no date. 
Bartlett, S. C, Forty Days in the Desert. London, no date. 
Besant and Palmer, Jerusalem, the City of Herod and Saladin. New 

edition, London, 1889. 
Bible Atlas and Gazetteer. American Tract Society. 
Bible Atlas. New edition, Rehgious Tract Society, London, 1890. 
Bibliotheca Sacra. Andover and Oberlin, 1844-90. 
Birks, T. R., The Exodus of Israel. London, 1863. 
Bissell, E. C, Biblical Antiquities. American S. S. Union, 1888. 
Blaikie, W. G., i and 2 Samuel, Expositor's Bible. New York, x888. 

Manual of Bible History, New York, 1882. 

Boardman, Geo. D,, The Ten Commandments. Philadelphia, 1889. 

Briggs, C. A., Messianic Prophecy. New York, 1886. 

Brown, Francis, in Old and New Testament Student, Sept. 1884. 

Brugsch, H., The Route of the Exodus. Boston, 1880. 

By-Paths of Bible Knowledge. Religious Tract Society, London. 

See Hart, Groser, and Sayce. 

C 

Cheyne, T. K., Jeremiah, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 
Coleman, Lyman, An Historical Atlas and Text-Book of Biblical 
Geography. Philadelphia, 1877. 
172 



AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO. 173 

Conder, C. R., Map of Palestine in 26 Sheets. London, 1880. 
Palestine. New York, i8go. 

D 

Dana, J. D., Bibliotheca Sacra, vols. xiii. xiv and xlii. 

Old and New Testament Student, July and Aug. 1890. 

Deane, H., Daniel, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 
Teane, W. J., Abraham, Men of the Bible. New York, 1886. 

Samuel and Saul, Men of the Bible. New York, 

1889. 

David, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 

Joshua, Men of the Bible. New York, 1890. 

Delitzsch, Fried., Wo lag das Paradies? Leipzig, 1881. 

Delitzsch, Frz., Old Testament History of Redemption. Leipzig, 1881. 

Denio, F. B., in Old and New Testament Student, May 1890. 

Dixon, H. W., The Holy Land. London, 1868. 

Dods, M., Genesis, Expositor's Bible. New York, 1888. 

Isaac, Jacob and Joseph. London, 1887. 

Driver, S. R., Isaiah, Men of the Bible. New York, 1888. 



EberSjGeo., Durch Gosen zum Sinai. Leipzig, 1872. 

Edersheim, A , Bible History, 7 vols. London, no date. 

Prophecy and History in Relation to the Messiah. 

New York, 1885. 

Engel, M., Loesung der Paradieses Frage. Leipzig, 1885. 

Expositor's Bible Series; see Ball, Blaikie, Dods, Smith, G. A,, 

Watson. 

F 

Farrar, F. W., Minor Prophets, Men of the Bible. New York, 1890. 

Solomon, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 

Ferguson, J., Ancient Topography of Jerusalem. London, 1847. 



Gage, W. L., Studies in Bible Lands. American Tract Society. 
Geikie, €.. Hours with the Bible, 6 vols. New York, 1881-86. 

Old Testament Characters. New York, 1885. 

Gibson, J. M., The Ages before Moses. New York, 1879. 
Green, W. H., The Hebrew Feasts. New York, 1885. 



174 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Groser, W. H., Trees and Plants of the Bible. Religious Tract So- 
ciety, London. 
Grove, Geo., Bible Atlas. London, 1868. 
Guyot, A., Creation. New York, 1884. 

H 
Harper, H. A., Bible and Modern Discoveries. Boston, 1889. 
Harris, Natural History of the Bible. Boston, 1820. 
Hart, H. C., Animals of the Bible. Religious Tract Soc, London. 
Hengstenberg, E. W., Egypt and the Books of Moses. Andover, 

1843. 

on Balaafn in Commentary on Daniel. Edinburgh, '48. 

Genuineness of the Pentateuch, vol. ii. 

Howat, H. T., Elijah the Desert Prophet. Edinburgh, 1868. 
Humphrey, E. P., Sacred History to Giving the Law. New York, 

1888. 
Hurlbut, J. L., Manual of Biblical Geography. Chicago, 1887. 
Solomon's Temple, Old Testament Student, Dec. '87. 

J 

Johnson, T. R., Biblical Wall Atlas. Chicago and New York, 1889. 
Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews. 

K 

Kellogg, A. H., Abraham, Moses and Joseph in Egypt. New York* 

1887. 
Kennedy, J. F., Countries and Places Mentioned in Bible History 

American S. S. Union, no date. 
Kiepert, H., Neue Wandkarte von Palaestina. Berlin, 1854. 
Krummacher, F. W., David, King of Israel. Edinburgh, 1867. 
Kurtz, J. H., History of the Old Covenant. Edinburgh, 1859. 

L 
Lenormant, F., Beginnings of History. New York, 1886. 
Lynch, W.F., Expedition to the Jordan and Dead Sea. Philadelphia, 

1849. 

M 
Macduff, J. R., Sunsets on Hebrew Mountains. New York, 1862. 
MacGregor, J., The Rob Roy on the Jordan, Nile and Red Sea. 

New York, 1870. 
Manning, S., Those Holy Fields. London, Relig. Tract Soc, no date. 
Men of the Bible Series; see Cheyne, Deane, H., Deane, W. J.. 

Driver, Farrar, Milligan, Rawlinson. 



AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO. 175 

Merrill, S., East of the Jordan. New York, 1883. 
Meyer, F. B., Israel, a Prince with God. Chicago, 1890. 

Abraham; or the Obedience of Faith. Chicago, '90. 

Miller, Hugh, Testimony of the Rocks. Boston, 1857. 
Milligan, W., Elijah, Men of the Bible. New York, 1889. 
Mozley, J. B., Lectures on the Old Testament. London, 1884. 

N 

North American Review, 1882. 

Northrup, G. W., on Extermination of the Canaanites, in ** The 
Standard," April 21, 1881, 

O 

Oehler, G., Old Testament Theology, Day's Translation. New York. 
Old Testament Student. 1881-90. 

Orelli, C. von, Old Testament Prophecy. Edinburgh, 1885. 
Osborn, H. S., Wall Map of Palestine. Oxford, O. 

Guide to Palestine. Philadelphia, 1868. 

Plants of the Bible. Philadelphia, 1865. 

P 

Palmer, E. H., The Desert of the Exodus, 2 vols. Cambridge, '71. 
Perrot and Chipiez, Le Temple Jerusalem restitutes. Paris, 1889. 
Porter, J. L., Giant Cities of Bashan. New York, 1866. 
Price, Ira M., '* Schools of the Sons of the Prophets," in Old Test. 

Student, March 1889. 
'^Lost Writings in Old Testament," in Bibliotheca 

Sacra, April, 1889. 
Syllabus of the Minor Prophets. Saylor Springs, 111., 

1890. 

R 
Rawlinson, G., The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern 

World, 3 vols. London, 1879. 

Moses, Men of the Bible. New York, 1888. 

Kings of Israel and Judah, Men of the Bible. New 

York, 1889. 
Records of the Past, 2d series. London, 1888 — . 
Renouf, L. P., The Religion of Ancient Egypt. New York, no 

date. (Hibbert Lectures, 1879). 
Ritter, C, Geography of Palestine, 4 vols. New York, 1868. 
Robinson, Edw., Biblical Researches in Palestine. Boston, 1857. 
Physical Geography of Palestine. Boston, 1865. 



176 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Sayce, A. H., Fresh Light from Ancient Monuments. London, 1885. 

The Hittites. Religious Tract Society, London, 1888. 

The Times of Isaiah. London, 1889. 

Schodde, G. H., The Book of Enoch. Andover, 1882. 

Schrader, E., Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament. Trans. 

by O. C. Whitehouse, 2 vols. London, 1885-88. 
Schumacher, G., Across the Jordan. London, 1887. 
Smith, G. A., Isaiah, Expositor's Bible, vol. i. New York, 1889. 
Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, 4 vols. Boston, 1878. 
Smith, W., Old Testament History. New York, 1881. 
Stanley, A. P., History of the Jewish Church, 3 vols. New York, 

1884. 
Sinai and Palestine. New York, 1885. 

T 
Taylor, W. M., David, King of Israel. New York, 1883. 
Thomson, Wm., The Land and The Book, 3 vols. New edition, 

New York, 1886. 
Thrupp, Ancient Jerusalem, a new Investigation, 1885. 
Tomkins, H. G., The Times of Abraham. London, 1878. 
Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology. London, '71 — . 
Tristram, H. B., The Land of Moab. New York, 1873. 

The Land of Israel. New York, 1886. 

Natural History of the Bible. New York, 1867. 

Fauna and Flora of Palestine. London, 1888. 

V 

Van de Velde, C. W. M., Map of the Holy Land in eight sheets. 
2d edition, London, 1865. 

W 

Wallace,A., The Desert and The Holy Land. Edinburgh, 1868. 
Warren, W. F., Paradise Found: the Cradle of the Human Race at 

the North Pole. Boston, 1885. 
Watson, R. A., Judges and Ruth, Expositor's Bible. New York, 

1890. 
Wilberforce, S., Heroes of Hebrew History. New York, 1870. 
Williams, Geo., The Holy City, 2 vols. London, 1849. 
Wilson, John, The Lands of the Bible, 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1847. 
Wilson and Warren, The Recovery of Jerusalem. New York, 1871. 
Wood, J. G., Bible Animals. New York, 1872. 
Wright, Zechariah and his Prophecies. New York. 



SUPPLEMENTAL LIST. 177 

SUPPLEMENTAL LIST, 

FOR FURTHER STUDY. 

A dash after a date indicates that the work is still publishing^ 

Alker, E., Chronologic der Buecher der Koenigeund Paralipomenon. 

Leipzig, 1889. 
Andrews, E. B., History, Prophecy and Gospel. Boston, 1890. 
Baethgen,F.,Beitraege zur semitischen Religions-geschichte. Berlin, 

1888. 
Bartlett and Peters, The Scriptures, Hebrew and Christian. 2 vols. 

Philadelphia, 1887-90. 
Beecher, W. J., The Historical Situation in Joel and Obadiah, Jour- 
nal of Soc. Bib, Lit. and Exegesis, June and Dec. 1888. 
Boscawen, W. St. C, The Kerubim in Eden, in Bab. and Orient. 

Record, June 1886. 
Brugsch, H., History of Egypt under the Pharaohs. Trans, from 

the German by Philip Smith. 2d edition, 2 vols., Lon- 
don, 1881. 
Budde, K., Die Biblische Urgeschichte [Gen. i— xii. 5] untersucht 

Giessen, 1883. 
Budge, E. A. W., The Dwellers on the Nile. London, Religious 

Tract Society, 1885. 
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Cambridge, 1883 — . 
Cave, A. B., The Scriptural Doctrine of Sacrifice and Atonement. 

New edition, New York, 1890. 
Cheyne, T. K., The Hallowing of Criticism: nine sermons on Elijah, 

etc. London, i888. 
Conder, C. R., Tent Work in Palestine. New edition, London, '89. 
Crane, O. T., The Samaritan Chronicle; or the Book of Joshua, son 

of Nun. New York, 1890. 
Davis, J. D., The Babylonian Flood-Legend and the Hebrew Record 

of the Deluge, in Presbyterian Review, July 1889. 
Dawson, J.W., Modern Science in Bible Lands. New York, 1889. 

Origin of the World. New York, no date. 

Nature and the Bible. New York, 1875. 

Duncker, M.,Geschichte des Alterthums. Baende ii. u. iii., 5te Aufl. 

Leipzig, 1878-82. 



178 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Ebers, Geo., Joshua, a Biblical Picture. New York, 1890. 
Edersheim, E. VV., Laws and Polity of the Jews. London, 1883. 
Edwards, A. B., Bubastis,in The Century, Jan. 1890. 
Egypt Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statements of the. London. 
Ewald, H., The History of Israel, 7 vols. Trans, from the German. 

London, 1871. 
Gibson, J. M„ The Mosaic Era. New York, 1881. 
Godet, F., Studies in the Old Testament. 2d edition, London, 1883. 
Graetz, H., Geschichte der Juden von der aeltesten Zeiten bis auf die 

Gegenwart, 11 Baende, 2 aufl. Leipzig, 1864-1870. 
Green, W. H., Moses and the Prophets. New York, 1883. 
Griffis, W. E., The Lily among Thorns. Boston, 1889. 

Hengstenberg, E. W., History of the Kingdom of God under the 
Old Testament. Trans, from the German, 2 vols. Ed- 
inburgh, 1871-73. 

Hommel, F. , Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. Berlin, 1885-88. 

Jost, J. M., Geschichte des Judenthums und seiner Secten. 3 Baende. 
Leipzig, 1857-59. 

Kamphausen, A., Die Chronologie d. Heb. Koenige. Bonn, 1883. 

Kellner, M. L., The Deluge in the Izdubar Epic and in the Old Tes- 
tament, in The Church Review, 1888. 

Kittel, R., Geschichte der Hebraer. Gotha, 1888— 

Koehler, S., Lehrbuch der biblischen Geschichte Alten Testaments* 
Erlangen, 1889 — 

Koenig, F. E., The Religious History of Israel. New York, 1886. 

Kuenen, A., The Religion of Israel to the Fall of the Jewish State. 
3 vols. London, 1874-75. 

Lacouperie, T. de, The Tree of Life and the Calendar Plant of 

Babylonia and China, in Bab. and Orient. Record, June 

1888. 
Lansing, J. G., The Egyptian Nile as a Civilizer, Presby. Rev , 

Apr. 1889. 
Layard, A. H., Nineveh and its Remains, 2 vols. New York, 1849. 
Layard, A. H., Nineveh and Babylon. London, 1853. 
Loftus, W. K., Travels and Researches in Chaldasa and Susiana. 

New York, 1857. 



SUPPLEMENTAL LIST. 179 

Macduff, J. R., The Prophet of Fire (Elijah). New York, 1868. 

Martin, H., The Prophet Jonah: his Character and Mission to Nin- 
eveh. Edinburgh, 1889. 

McCausland, D., Adam and the Adamite. London, 1872. 

Miller, W., The Least of all Lands; chapter on the Topography of 
Palestine in relation to its History. London, 1888. 

Milman, H. H., The History of the Jews, 3 vols. New York, 1882. 

Meyer, Ed., Geschichte des Alterthums. i Band; bis zur Begruend- 
ung des Perserreichs. Stuttgart, 1884. 

Moore, W. W., The Discovery of Pithom, in Presby. Quar., April 
1889. 

Osborn, H. S., Biblical History and Geography. American Tract 
Society, 1890. 

Paine, J. A., The Pharaoh of the Exodus and his Son, in The Cen- 
tury, Sept. 1889. 

Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statements of. London, 
1873- 

Peitschmann, Geschichte der Phoenizier. Berlin, 1888 — 

Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology. London, 1881 -90. 

Ragozin, Z. A., Assyria, Story of the Nations. New York, 1887. 

Chaldea, Story of the Nations. New York, 1886. 

Media, Babylonia and Persia. New York, 1888. 

Rawlinson, Geo., Biblical Topography. New York, I887. 

Ancient Egypt, Story of the Nations. New York, 

1887. 

History of Phoenicia. London, 1889. 

Phoenicia, Story of the Nations. New York, 1888. 

Isaac and Jacob, Men of the Bible. New York, 1890. 

Renan, E., History of the People of Israel, 2 vols, issued. Boston, 

1888— 
Riehm, E., Handwoerterbuch des biblischen Alterthums. Leipzig, 

1878-84. 
Robinson, C. S., The Pharaohs of the Bondage and the Exodus. 

New York, 1887. 

Sayce, A. H., The Ancient Empires of the East. New York, 1886. 



180 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



The White Race of Ancient Palestine, Expositor, 

July 1888. 
Schaff, P., Through Bible Lands. New York, I889. 
Smith Geo., Assyrian Discoveries: an Account of Explorations and 

Discoveries on the site of Nineveh during 1873 ^^^ ^^74- 

Edited by A. H. Sayce. New York, 1875. 
The Chaldaean Account of Genesis. Edited by A. H. 

Sayce. New York, 1880. 
Smith, H. P., The High Places. Heb. Student, April 1883. 
Smith, W. R., Old.Testament in the Jewish Church. New York, 

1881. 

The Prophets of Israel. New York, 1882. 

Stade, B., Geschichte des Volkes Israel. Berlin, 1881 — 

Taylor, W. M., Elijah the Prophet. New York, 1885. 

Moses the Lawgiver. New York, 1878. 

Daniel the Beloved. New York, 1879. 

Tiele, C. P., Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte. Gotha, 1886-88. 
Trumbull, H. C., Kadesh Barnea. New York, i884. 
The Blood Covenant. New York, 1885. 

Victoria Institute, Transactions of the. London. 

Vigoureaux, F., La Bible et lesDecouvertes modernes en Palestine, 

en Egypte et en Assyrie. 5 ed. 4 Tom. Paris, 1888. 
Melanges Bibliques, La Cosmogonie mosaiques d'apres 

les Peres de PEglise, suivie d'etudes diverses relatives 

a I'Ancien et au Nouveau Testament. 2e ed. Paris, 

1889. 

Ward, E. S. P. and H. D., The Master of tl»e Magicians. Boston, 

1890. 
Wellhausen, J., The History of Israel. Edinburgh, 1885. 
Wiedemann, A., Aegyptische Geschichte. Gotha, 1886— 
Wilkinson, J. G., Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians. 

New edition by Samuel Birch, 3 vols. London, 1878. 
Wilson, Edw. L., In Scripture Lands. New York, 1890. 
Zeitschrift fuer d. Alttest. Wissenschaft. Herausg. von B. Stade, 

1880— 



GENERAL INDEX 



PROPER NAMES AND TOPICS, 



Numbers refer to pages. 



^ARON AND MOSES, 49-59 

Abdon, twelfth judge, 76 

Abel, first martyr, 31; city of, 95 

Abiathar, priest, 96 

Abigail, wife of Nabal, 89 

Abijah, son of Jeroboam I, 104 

Abijam, king of Judah, 104-5 

Abimelech and Abraham, 42 

Abimelech, son of Gideon, 74-5 

Abiram and Dathan, 58 

Abishai, brother of Joab, 94 

Abner, captain, 91 

Abraham's career, 40-43 

Absalom, son of David, 94 

Achan, 64 

Achish, king in Philistia, 89 

Adam and Eve, 29-30 

Adoni-bezek, 70 

Adonijah son of David, 95 

AduUam, cave of, 87 

Agag, king of Amalek, 85 

Age of the world. 27 

Ahab, king of Israel, 109-10; 145 

Ahava, river, 158 

Ahaz, king of Judah, 102, 127-8, 135; al- 
tars of, removed, 138 

Ahaziah, king of Judah, 119 

Ahaziah, son of Ahab, king of Israel, 
no, 116 

Ahijah, ihe Shilonite, 92, 103 

Ahithophel, counsellor, 94 

Ai, city of, 64 

Altar, first, 35 

Amalek(ites), 53, 72, 82, 85, 90 

Amasa, captain, 94-95 

Amaziah, king of Judah, 20, 123 



Ammon, 72, 85, 97; subdued, 127; 147 
Ammonite oppression, 75-6; war, 81, 84, 

92 
Amnon, son of David, 94 
Amon, king of Judah, 136 
Amorites, 61 
Amos, prophet, 128 
Anakim, 66 
Angel of Jehovah, 42 
Ante-diluvian period, 24, 27-33 
Antiochus Epiphanes, 20 
Aphek, Ahab's victory at, no 
Arabah, sea of the, 14, 123 
Arabian desert, 37 
Arabians plunder Jerusalem, 20, 113 
Aram, 37 
Ark, Noah's, 34 
Armenia, 29, 36, 37 
Arnon, from Sinai to the, 57-61 
Arpachshad, 37 
Artaxerxes, 158 
Asa, king of Judah, 106-7 
Asaph, singer, 92, 130 
Ashdod, 79; captured, 132 
Asher, tribe of, 68, 131 
Asherah, 400 prophets of, 118; cut down, 

130; 136, 138 
Asherim, idols, 106, 112 
Ashkelon, city of, 77 
Asia Minor, 36 
Assyria, relations to, 37, no 
Athaliah, usurper, 120-1, 136 
Atmosphere of Palestine, 16 
Augury and enchantments, 136 
Azariah(-Uzziah), king of Judah, 124 
Azariah, son of Oded, 106, 114 



Ibl 



182 



OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



gAAL. WORSHIP established, 109-10, Cambyses, 155 

Campaign, southern, 64; northern, 66 



136; idols destroyed, 138 

Baal worshippers slaughtered, 120 

Baal-gad, 71 

Baal Peor, 60 

Baal-zebub, no 

Baal Zephon, 52 

Baasha, king of Israel, 106-7 

Babel, tower of, 38 

Babylon captured, 153 

Babylonian exile, 149-51 

Balaam, 59 

Bamoth Baal, 59 

Barak, 73 

Baruch, Jeremiah's scribe, 148 

Barzillai, 70, 94, 96 

Bashan, 13, 39 

Bath-sheba, 93 

Beer-sheba, 18, 131; origin of, 42 

Elijah at, 115 
Beginning, second, 35 
Belial, 78 

Belshazzar, feast of, 152 
Ben-hadad of Syria, 106, no 
Benjamin, territory of- 68 
Berothai, 92 
Betah, 92 
Bethel, 18; Abraham at, 40; Jacob at, 45; Cush, 37 

70, 71, 81, 99; Elijah at, no; school 

at, 117 



Canaan, 12; entrance into, 63 
Canaan's (son of Ham) curse, 36 
Canaanites, extermination of, 66-7, 70 
Captivity, period of the, 25 
Caravan, of returning exiles, 154 
Carmel, 18, 71; Elijah at, 109; Elisha at, 

116; school at, 117 
Carthaginians, 73 
Chaldeans, slain at Mizpah, 147 
Chebar, river, 180 
Cherith, Elijah at, 115 
Cherubim in Old Testament, 31 
Chinnereth, sea of, 14 
Circumcision, rite of, 42 
City, first, 32 

Classical history, beginning of, 153 
Climate of Palestine, 76 
Commandments, ten, 55; commentary 

on, 61 
Confusion of tongues, 38 
Conquest, period of the, 24,63-71 
Conquests, east of the Jordan, 59-61 
Covenant, God's, with Noah, 35 
Creation, 27-9; legends of, 27 
Cressy, 73 



Beth-horon, 65 

Bethlehem, 83, 147 

Beth-shemesh, 79 

Bible, books of the, 21 

Birs-Nimroud, 38 

Boaz, 70, 78, loi 

Bondage, period of, 24, 48-50 

Books of the Bible, 21 

" " Old Testament, 21 
*' and chapters in O. T., 21-2 

Botany of Palestine, 15 

Brooks of Palestine, 14 

CAIN, 31-2 
Caleb, (i^ 
Calf, golden, 55 



J)AGON, god of Philistia, 79 

Damascus. 29 

Dan, 18; territory of, 68; 70, 131 

Daniel, in Babylon, 150-2 

Darius (II) Hystaspes, 156, 158 

Dathan and Abiram, 58 

David's career, 82-96 

Dead Sea, 14 

Deborah, Rebekah's nurse, 46 
" prophetess, 73; song, 74 

Delilah, 77 

Deluge, cause, time, duration, universal- 
ity, object, traditions of, 34-35 

Dial of Ahaz, 133 

Dinah, 45 

Dispersion, tower of Babel and the, 37 



TROPER NAMES AND TOPICS. 



183 



Division of the kingdom, 103 

Divisions, political, of Palestine, 17 

Doeg, Edomite, 86 

Dothan, siege of, 11 1 

Drunkenness, first, 36 

Dual kingdom, period of the, 25 



Etam, 77 

Etham, 51 

Ethiopians, war with Asa, 106, 132 

Euphrates, river, 37 

Eve, Adam and, 29, 30 

Exile, period of, 25, 145-151; Babylonian, 

. 149-51 
Exiles, classes of, condition of, 150; num- 
ber, return, 154 
Exodus, 50-1 
Ezekiel, prophet, 150-2 
Ezion Geber, 59 



J^ASTERNSEA, 14 

Ebal, Mt., 62, 64 

Ebenezer, 81 

Eden, garden of, 29 

Edict of Cyrus, 153; renewed by Darius Ezra, scribe, 150-60 
11. 155 

Edom, 58. 85, 92, 97, 147 pALL, TEMPTATION and, 30-3: 

Edomites, revolt, 119 

Eglon, king of Moab, 72 ^aU of Babylon, 141 

Egypt, Abraham's sojourn in, 40; Jacob's " Jerusalem, 141 
appeal to, 47; settlement in, 48; re- " Samaria, 129-32 
ligion of, 49; Solomon's commerce ^^^sts, 55 
with, 98; flight of the remnant to, Flaming Sword, 31 
148; Ezekiel's prophecy concerning Foods prohibited and permitted, 56 
fate of, 148 

Ehud, second judge, 72, 73 

Ekron, Philistine city, 79 Gad the seer, 87 

Elah, king of Israel, 107 Galilee, 12 

Elam, country, 37 Galilee, sea of, 14 

Elamite powers, rise of Persian and, 152 Gath, 79 



QAD, ALLOTMENT to, 60 



Elath restored, 124 

Eleazar, priest, 60 

Eli and fall of Shiloh, 78-80 

Eliakim (Jehoiakim), 140 

Eliezer, prophet, 112 

Elijah, prophet, 109-10, 1 15-16 

Elim, in wilderness, 52-3 

Elon, eleventh judge, 76 

Emancipation of Jewish slaves, 153 

Embassies to Babylon, 143 

Endor, witch of, 83, 87 



Gaza, 65, 77 

Geba, 84 

Gedaliah, governor in Palestine, 147 

Gehazi, 116 

Genesis I-II. 3, object of, 28; beginnings 

in, 28; and geology, 27 
Geology of Palestine, 15 
Gerar, Isaac in, 54 
Gerizim, 62, 138 
Geshur, 44 
Gibbethon, Philistine fortress, 107 



Engedi, 87; Jehoshaphat's victory at, 113 Gibeon's deceit, 64, 65 



Enoch, book of, 33 

Entanglements with Egypt, Zedekiah's, 

Ephraim, territory of, 68, 131 

Esar-haddon, king of Assyria, 136 

Esau and Jacob, 44 

Esdraelon, plain of 12 

Esther, 78; story and book, 156-7 



Gibeonites, 66, 95 

Gideon, fifth judge, 74 

Gilboa, Mt.,i8, 87 

Gilead, 15, 45 

Gilgal, 63, 81, 83; Elijah at, 116; school 

at, 117 
Goliath, 86, 89 
Goshen, land of, 48 



184 



OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



Gozan, 130 

Greece, in Europe, 36 

Gur-baal, Arabian city, 124 

JJABAKKUK, PROPHET, 141 

Habor, 130 
Hachilah, 87 
Hadadezer of Zobah, 92 
Hagar, story of, 42 
Haggai, prophet, 155 
Halah, 130 

Ham and descendants, 37 
Haman, the Agagite, 157 
Hamath, 37 

Hanani the seer, 106, 114 
Hannah, 78, 80 
Haran, 37, 40, 41, 45 
Hauran, 15 

Hazael of Syria, 120, 121 
Hazeroth, 57 
Hazor, 18, 66 
Hebrew poetry, 32 
Hebron, 18, 65, 66, 68, 90 
Hejaz, 37 
Heman, 83, 92 
Hereth, forest of, 87 
Heshbon, 18, 59 

Hezekiah,king of Judah, 102,129-134, 145 
High places, 112, 136; in Samaria, Sim- 
eon, Naphtali, 138 
Hinnom, valley of, 136 
Hiram of Tyre, 91 
Hittites, 37, 44, 97 
Holy of holies, 55 
Holy Land, 12 
Hophra, king of Egypt, 143 
Hor, Mt., 58 

Horeb, Mt., Moses in, 53; Elijah at, 115 
Horses, first use of, 66 
Hoshea, king of Israel, 126, 129 
Host of heaven worshipped, 136 
Huldah, prophetess, 139, 145 
Hur, Aaron and, 55 
Hushai, 94 
Hystaspes, Darius (H), 156 



JBZAN, TENTH JUDGE, 76 
Institutions during the exile, 150-1 
Isaac, sacrifice of, career of, 43 
Isaiah, prophet, 128; to Hezekiah, 145, 

149 
Ish-bosheth, 91 
Ishmael, birth of, 42 
Ishmael, seed-royal, murderer of Geda- 

liah, 147 
Israel, Jacob named, 45 
Israel, introduction to, history of, Gen. 

i — xi. 9 
Issachar, territory of, 68, 131 
Ittai, 94 

JABESH, 87 

Jachin, pillar, loi 

Jacob's wanderings, 45-46 

Jacob and Esau, 44 

Jahaziel, prophet, 113 

Jair, eighth judge, 76 

Japheth's part in Shem's God, 36 

Jashar, book of, 65, 90 

Jebus, conquest of, 90 

Jebusites, 20 

Jeduthun, 92 

Jehoahaz, king of Israel, 121 

*' " Judah, 140 

Jehoiachin, king of Judah, 20, 142, 149 
Jehoiada, high priest, 121 
Jehoiakim, king of Judah, 20, 140-1, 145, 

149 
Jehonadab, son of Rechab, 120 
Jehoram, king of Judah, 20, 116, 119 
Jehoram, son of Ahab, king of Israel, 

IIO-II 

Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, no, 112-13 

145 
Jehu, son of Hanani, prophet, 112 

Jehu, king of Israel, 117, 120 

Jephthah, ninth judge, 76 

Jeremiah, prophet, 139 

Jeiicho, 14, 18; destruction of, 64; Elijah 
at, 116; school at, 117 

Jeroboam I, king of Israel, 103-6, 138 
" II, " " 123 

Jerusalem, 18; names, location, 19; his- 
tory of, 20; ownership, 68; 78; de- 



PROPER NAMES AND TOPICS. 



185 



struction, 136; captivity, 142; five 

captivities of, by Nebukadrezzar, 146; 

walls rebuilt, 159 
Jesse, father of David, 82 
Jethro, father-in-law to Moses, 49, 54 
Jews slain at ISIizpah, 147 
Jezebel, Ahab's wife, 109-10; slain, 120; 

cf. 136 
Jezreel, Ahaziah of Judah at, 120 
Joab, David's general, 91, 96 
Joash of Israel, 20, 102, 122 

" Judah, 121; law at coronation 

of, 138 
Johanan, of remnant in Palestine, 147 
Jonah's message to Jeroboam II, 123 
Jonathan, 84-6 
Joppa, city, 18 
Jordan, river, 13-4 
Joseph sold in Egypt, 46; imprisoned and 

promoted, 47; bones buried, 70 
Joshua, 53, 63 
Josiah, king of Judah, 102; career of, 

137-9 
Jotham, king of Judah, 126-7 
Jubilee year, 57 

Judah, sin of, 45; territory of, 68 
Judah alone, period of, 25. 
Judea, 12 
Judges, period of, 25, 72-83 

JJ^ABESH BAKISEA, 58, 65 

Kadesh, wilderness of, 61 

Karkar, no 

Kibroth-Hataavah, 57 

Keilah, 87 

Kingdom, period of the, 25, 84-102 

'* '* " dual, 25, 103 — 128 

Kings of the east, invasion by, 41 
Kirjath-jearim, 80, 91 
Korah, and his host, 58; 92 

J^ABAN AND JACOB, 45 

Lachish, 65 

Laish, 79 

Lakes of Palestine, 14 

Lamech's song and the origin of the arts, 



Languages, origin of different, 38 
Law found in the temple, 138 
Leah and Rachel, 45 
Lebanon, 12, 37 
LSvites, work of, 57 
Liberty, beginning of religious, 153 
Libnah, 65; revolt of, X19 
Longevity of the ante-diluvians, 33 
Lot and Abraham, 40, 41 
" and destruction of Sodom, 42 
Lud, Lydians, 37 

•3JACPEI.AH, CAVE of, 43 

Mahanaim, city or camp, 18,91, 94 
Makkedah, Canaanitish city, 65 
Mamre, oaks of, 41 

Man, creation of, 27-9; antiquity of, 29 
Manasseh, tribe, 60; king of Judah, 102; 

131; career of,i35-6; altars of,removed 

138, 145 
Manna, food, 53 
Manoah, 76 
Maon, 87 

Marah, waters of, 53 
Marathon, battle of, 156 
March to the sea, 51; to Sinai, 53 
Marriages, mixed, condemned, 158-9 
Mattaniah, see Zedekiah, 
Medes, captives of Israel with the, 130 
Mediterranean sea, 12, 14, 37 
Melchi-shua, son of Saul, 88 
Melchizekek, 41 

Menahem, king of Israel, 126, 128 
Menzaleh, lake, 52 
Mephibosheth, of Saul, 94 
Merari, 92 

Merib-baal, son of Saul, 88 
Merodach-Baladan king of Babylon, 133 
Merom, lake, 14, 66 
Mesha, king of Moab, 109, 113 
Mesopotamia, 37; invasion by kings of, 72 
Micah, prophet, 70, 128; to Judah, 149 
Micaiah, prophet, no 
Michal, 86 
,Michmash, 84 
Midian, 49 



186 



OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



Omri, king of Israel, 109; house of Omri 

extirpated, 120 
Oppression, first Philistine, 73; Moabite, 

72; Canaanite, 73; Midianite, 74 
Oriental history, end of, 153 
Oman, 95 
Orpah, 77 

Othniel, first judge, 7^ 
Outfit for Old Testament study, 23 

pADDAN-ARAM, 44 

Palestine, geography, 11-15; name, 12; 

plains, 13; lakes, 14; sea, brooks, 14; 

political divisions, 17; possessors of, 

at return of exiles, 154 

Paran, wilderness, 58 

Passover established, 51; observed, 57, 

139 
Patriarchal period, 40-47; political divis- 
ions in, 17 
Pekah, king of Israel, 126, 128 
Pekahiah, king of Israel, 126 
Penuel, Jacob at, 45 
Peor, 59 

Periods of time in Bible, 24 
Periods of Old Testament History, 24-25 
Nebukadrezzar, 20, 102; at Jerusalem, i43Persian and Elamite powers, rise of, 152 
Nebuzaradan's destruction of Jerusalem, Pharaoh and Abraham, 40; and Jacob, 

146 48; and Moses, 42-62.;' 

Necho, expedition through Palestine, 139 Philistia, 12 

Nehemiah, 20; third return under, 158-60 Philistines, plunder Jerusalem, 20; 43, 95 
New Testament period, political divis- Phoenicia, 12 * 



Midianite oppression, 74 

Migdol, 52 

Miriam, Moses' sister, 52, 57 

Mizpah, 147 

Mizpeh, 71, 76, 80, 81, 83, 87 

Mizraim (Egypt), 57 

INIoab, 72, 85, 147 

Moloch, 127 

Mordecai, 157 

Moriah, Mt., 43, 100 

Moses' training, 49; appeal to Pharaoh, 

49, 50; leadership of Israel, 50-62 
Murder, fiist, 32 

JJAAMAH, 97 

Naaman the Syrian, 116 

Nabal, 89 

Naboth, 70, no 

Nadab, king of Israel, 107 

Nahor, 4^^ 

Nahum, 139 

Naioth, 86 

Naphtali, territory of 68 

Nathan, the prophet, 92, 93 

Natural History of Palestine, 15 

Nazarite, 57, 77, 80 



Pi-hahiroth, 52 

Pisgah, 59, 62 

Plagues in Egypt, 50, 51 

Plains of Palestine, 14 

Polygamy, first, 32 

Post-diluvian period, 24, 34-39 

Potiphar, 47 

Prediction, first, by man, 36 

Prophets, schools of the, 82 

Pul, see Tiglath-pileser. 

Punishment of serpent, Adam and Eve, 

30 
Punishment, capital, established, 35 
Purification, laws of, 56 
Purim, feast of, 157 
history, periods of, 24-25 pu^ty of atmosphere in Palestine, 16 



ions m, 17 
Nimrod, 27 
Ncah's prophecy, 35 
Nob, 86 
North pole, Eden at, 29 

QBADIAH, AHAB'S servant, 109 

Obed-edom, 91 
Obelisks broken, 130 
Oded, father of Azariah, 106 
Oded, a prophet ro Israel, 127 
Offerings, significance of the, 56 
Og, king of Bashan, 59, 61 
Old Testament world, 10 
'* " books of, 21 



PROPER NAMES AND TOPICS. 



187 



Put, or Punt, 37 

QUAILS, SURFEIT of, 57 

Queen of Sheba, 99 



JJABBAH, 92 

Rachel and Leah, 45 

Racial affinity, scientific evidences of, 37 

Rahab, 63, 64 

Rain in Palestine, 16 

Ramah, 81, 83, 106; school at, 117 

Rameses to Succoth, 51 

Ramoth Gilead, 18, 110, 112 

Rebekah, finding of, 43 

Rechab, 120 

Red Sea to Arnon, 59 

Reforms of Ezra and Nehemiah, 159 

Refuge, cities of, 60; east of Jordan, 61 

Regal period, political divisions in, 17 

Renoboam, 20, 97, 102; career of, 103-4 

Remnants in Palestine, and Egypt, 147-9 

Rephidim, 53 

Resto ation, period of, 25, 152-60 

Return, first, 153-4; second, under Ezra, 

157-8; third, Nehemiah, 158-60 
Reuben, Gad and half-tribe of Manas- 

seh, 70 
Review, general, i6o-x 
Rezin of Syria leagued with Pekah 

against Ahaz, 126 
Riblah, Zedekiah condemned at, 146 
Roll cut by Jehoiakim, 141 
Ruth, 70, 77, 78 

gABBATH,ORIGIN and significance 
of, 28; desecration, 159 

Sabbatical year, 57 

Sacrifice, 35; human, in'Old Testament,43 

Salt Sea, 14 

Samaria, 12, 18, 68; Elisha at, 116; be- 
sieged by Syrians, 117; fall of, 129 
sq. 

Samaritans, origin of, 130; delayed tem- 
ple building, 154-5 

Samson, thirteenth judge, 76 

Samuel's career, 80-3 



Sanballat's opposition to Nehemiah, 159 

Sarah, wife of Abraham, 43 

Sargon, king of Assyria, 129; invasion of, 
132 

Saul's career; 81-8 

Schools of the sons of the prophets, 117 

Sea of Palestine, 14 

Seasons of Palestine, 16 

Semitic sway, end of, 153 

Sennacherib, king of Assyria, 132; inva- 
sion of, 134 

Serpent, 30; Moses', destroyed, 130 

Seth, descendants of, 323 

Settlement of the tribes, 67 

Seventh day, 27 

Shallum, king of Israel, 124-6 

Shalmaneser II, 110 
IV, 129 

Shamgar, third judge, 73 

Shamir, 75 

Sharon, 12 

Sheba, son of Bichri, 45 

Shechem, 18; first altar in Canaan at, 40 
Jacob at, 45; 68, 70,74; Rehoboamat 
103, 147 

Shemaiah, prophet, 105 

Shem's future, 36 
" descendants, 37, 40 

Shibboleth, 76 

Shiloh, 68, 79, 80, 82, 109 

Shimei 94, 96 

Shinar, 37, 38 

Shishak, 20; 102 

Shunem, 87; Elisha at, 116 

Shur, 53 

Shushan, 37 

Siege of Jerusalem, 146 

Sihon, king of Amorites, 59 

Simeon, tribe, 68 

Sin, wilderness of, 53 

Sin of Adam and Eve, 30 

Sinai, march to, 53; doings at in Exodus, 
54; to the Arnon, 57 

Sisera, 73 

Smerdis false, 156 

So, king of Egypt, 129 



188 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

Sodom, fate of, 42 Tower of Rabel, 38 

Sodomites removed, 106, 138 Tribal period, political divisions in, 17 

Sojourn in Egypt, 49 Tribes, settlement of, in Canaan, 67 
Solomon's career, 95-9; high places of Tyre, 18, 154 

Solomon, 138; 145 

Solomon's temple, 99-102 U^ ^^ '^^^ CHALDEES, 40, 41 

Song of Moses, 62 Urijah, prophet, 141 

Sons of God and daughters of men, 34 Urim, 87 

South country, 12, 15, 40, 65 Uzzah, 91 

Spies' work, 58 Uzziah, king of Judah, 124, 125, 128 

Succoth, 51 -wTAcixrrr^ r r> 

_ . „ , J 1 - . f TTASHTI, queen of Persia, 157 

Sun, images, 138; horses and chariots ot » 

the, 138 ^ADIES OF PALESTINE, 14 

Sun standing still, 65 ^y^^^^ ^^,^;,i^g ^^ ^he, 152 

Susa, 156, 158 ^^^g of Jerusalem rebuilt, 159 

Sword, flaming, 31 wt ^ ■ • j r ^ 

' ^' ^ Wandeiings, period of, 24, 51-62 

Synagogue, origin of, 160 ^^^^ ^.^jj^ ^^ 

Syria, upper, 37 Wars of j'ehovah, book of, 59 

Syrians, 92 ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ rj, history? 5-9 

Wilderness, 53; of Sin, 53; of Paran, 58 

X ABER A H, 57 Winds of Palestine, 16 

Tabernacle, 55, 100 VEKXES (Ahasuerus), 158 

Table of nations, 36 -^*- 

Tabor, Mt., 71 Y^ARS, sabbatical and jubilee, 57 

Tahpahnes, Jeremiah at, 148 

Tarshish, ships of, 98, 112 2;AREPHATH, Elijah at, 115 

Temperature of Palestine, 16 Zachariah, son of Jeroboam II, king of 

Temple, Solomon's, 99-102; repaired,i38; Israel, 124 

corner-stone of second, 154; building Zebulon, territory of, 68; 131 

of second, 155-6 Zechariah, prophet stoned by Joash of 
Temptation and fall, 30-1 Judah, 12 c 

Thebez, 75 Zechariah, prophet under Uzziah of Ju- 
Tibni and Omri, 108 dah, 124 

Tiglath-pileser, 126, 129 Zechariah, prophet, contemporary of 
Tigris, river, 37 Haggai, 155 

Time, periods of, covered by the Bible, Zedekiah, 20, 142-3, 145 

24 Zephaniah, 139 

Time, periods of, between Adam and the Zerubbabel, leader of returning exiles, 

deluge, 33 154 

Timnath-Serah, 69 Ziba, 94 

Tiphsah smitten, 126 Ziklag, 89 

Tirzah, capital of Israel, 107 Zimri, 7-day-king of Israel, 107 

Tobiah, the Ammonite, 159 Zin, wilderness of, 58 

Toi of Hamath, 92 Ziph, wilderness of, 87 

Tola, seventh judge, 75 Zobah, 85 

Tophet, 136, 138 Zoology of Palestine, 15 



INDEX OF SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 



GENESIS i- 
ii.4-25 .- 
iii 

iv. 3, 4... 



PAGES. 
... 27 



VI. — viii. 14 

viii. 15 — ix. 29.. 

viii. 20 , 

ix. 5.-- ,-^- 

X ... 

xi. 1-9. 

xi. 10-32.,.-.. . 
xi. 10 — xiii. 18.. 

xii. 6-8 

xii. 24, 25 

xiv. 3 

xiv. 1-7, 18-20. 
XV. I — xxi. 21 ... 

xvii. 10-14 , 

xix. 37, 38 

xxii. I, 2, 14 

xxii — xxiv 



.. 29 

-. 30 

.. 90 

•• 33 

.. 34 

-' 35 

... 99 

-- 31 
•36,37 

.- 32 

-. 33 

-. 40 

.. 99 

-• 99 

... 14 

... 41 

... 42 

... 63 

... 85 

.. 100 

. 43 



xlvi — 1. , 
xlix. 17. 



PAGES. 

.... 48 
.... 30 



49 
50 
133 
51 
52 



EXODUS i. 8-vii. 13 

vii. 14 — X. 29 

ix. 9 sq. 

xi — xiv. 14 - 

xiv. 15 — XV. 21 

XV. 22 — xviii. 27 53 

xviii — xix.-, 54 

XX. 3-4 loi 

XX. 24, 25 99 

xxi — xxiii 61 

xxii — xxxii 55 

xxiii — xxiv 56 

XXV. 8 100 



XXV. 10-22. . 
XXV. 17-22.. 

XXV — xl 

xxvii. 9-18 . 
xxix. 42-45 . 
XXXV — xl 



lOI 

31 

100 
100 

100 

55 



xxv-xxvii 44LEVITICUS i. 1-5 191 

^^^•7 33 i_xxii 56 

xxviii. 10— xxxiv. 31 45 xiii. 8. 132 

xxviii. 18-22 ■- 99 ^^^ ^y 

XXXV. 1-3, 6, 14, 15 99 xxvi."u-i2!!"."..'.-.....'. loi 

XXXV. 1-20. 46 

XXXV. 23-26 45NUMBERS i— iv 57 

XXXV. 28, 29 44 iii. 26-31 91 

xxxvii— xl 46 iv. 5, 15, 19, 20 91 

xii — xiv 47 vi — ix 57 

189 



190 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

PAGES. PAGES. 

X. II — xii. i6 57 xxiii — xxiv. 30 69 

xiii — xiv. 38 xxiv. 2, 147 40 

xvi 56 xxiv. 32 70 

xvi— xviii 58 JUDGES i 70 

XX — xxi. 3 58 ii. 6-10 69 

xxi. 4— xxiv. 25 59 ii — iii. 30 72 

XXV — xxvii. II 60 • iii. 31 73 

xxxi — xxxii 60 iii. 19-26 63 

xxxii. 1-38 67 V. 20 65 

xxxiv. II 14 vi — ix 74 

XXXV 60 vi. 27, 36. 133 

DEUTERONOMY i. 26... 6i x." s-x'vi! 3',:::;;;::;:" 76 

'"•'7 '4 xiv 73 

^''•'■5 67 xvii-xviii 70 

"'•8-14— loi ^i,_^^i yj 

xiii. 6-9 115 

xvi. 16 lOlRUTHi 77 

xxi. 23 65 ii— iv 78 

xxvii— xxxiv .. .. 62 iv. 18-22 78 

™- ^S. 52-68 .45 , SAMUEL i. 9, 14-27.- 78 

i. 9 100 



xxviu. 27 133 



JOSHUA i~v 6s i— iv. i 80 

V. 7 14 ii. 12-17, 21-25 78 

vi — ix. 27 64 ii. 27-36 78 

vii. 6 80 ii. 34 133 

viii. I 34 iii. 3 lOO 

X 55 iii. 11-18 79 

xi — xii 66 iv. 1-18 79 

xii. 3 14 V.I — vii. 2 79 

xiii 67 vii. 10* 65 

xiii. 27 14 vii. 3-14" 80 

xiv 67 vii. 12 — viii 22. 81 

XV — xix 68 ix — xi 84 

xxi 67 ix. I — xi. 13.... 81 

xxii 68 x. 25 83 

xxii. 10 27 xi -85,88 



SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 191 

PAGES. PAGES. 

xii 8i 2 SAMUEL i. 18-27 90 

xiii 88 i— ii. 4 90 

xiii. 8-15 82 ii— vi 91 

xiii — xiv. 46 84 

xiv 85 

xiv. 47-48 85, 88 

XV 85 

xvi. 1-5 88 

xvi. i-i3 82 



VI. 1-12 100 

vii. 1-13 100 

vii — xi. 1 92 

xi — xiv 93 

xii. 26-31 92 

XV — xxi 94 

xxi. Ill 65 

xvi. 13 79 xxi. T2-I4 90 

xvi. 14-23 86 xxi. 15-22 95 



xvii. 12-58 89 



XXIV.,... -. 95 



xvii— xviii.5 85 xxiv. 17-25. 100 

xviii. 6 — xix. 10 86, 89 

xix. 11-24 , 86,89 I KINGS i. i— ii. 11 95 

xix. 13 88 iii. I 97 

xix. 16 71 iii. 4— 15, 16-28 96 

xix. 18-22 82 iv. 1-6 97 

xix. 18-24 84, 88 iv. 7-28 98 

xix. 20 117 iv. 11,15 97 

XX. 18, 24-29 88 iv.22, 28 97*9^ 

XX — xxiv 86,89 iv. 29-34 97 

xxi. 1-9 88 iv. 34 97 

xxi. 7 85 Y. 6, 8-12 98 

xxii. 6-19 88 v. 7. 12 97 

xxii. 9, 18 85 V. viii 100 

xxii. 23 85 V. 13-18 97 

XXV 89 vi. 1,38 100 

XXV. 1 82 vi. 5-10 loi 

xxvi 87,89 vi. 7 98 

xxvii 89 vi. 16,17 loi 

xxviii 87,89 vi. 31-33 loi 

xxviii. 3-25 83 vii. 13-45 100 

xxix 89 vii. 15-22 loi 

XXX 89 vii. 27-39 ^^^ 

xxxi 87,88 vii. 48... loi 



192 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

PAGES. PAGES. 

viii I02 xvi. I io8 

viii. 8 97 xvi. 1-5, 7, 12 114 

viii. 64 - 100 xvi. 16-29 10^ 

ix. 11-14 * 48 xvi. 25 109 

ix. 16,24 "-- • 97 xvi. 29 — xvii. I 109 

ix. 20, 21 - 36 xvii..-- 115 

ix. 23 97 xviii 109,115 

IX. 26-28 98 xviii. 19,22,40 118 

X. 1-8 97 xix 115 

X. 1-15 98 xix. 16-21.- 116 

X. 22-25 98 ^^ iio 

X. 23, 24 97 XX. 13, 22 115 

X. 28, 29 98 XX. 13-22 Ill 

xi 99 XX. 28,35 ^^^ 

xi. I 97 XX. 34 109 

xi. 9-13 103 xxi 109 

xi. 29 79,105,114 xxi. 17-29 115 

xi. 29-39 ^03, 1 14 xxi. 19 1 10 

xi. 30 105 xxii 110,112 

xii. 1-19 103 xxii. 6 — 8,22,23 118 

xii. 15 114 xxii. 8-28 115 

xii. 20- -XV. 8 104 

xii. 15, 22, 23 105 2 KINGS i. 1-18 no 

xii. 22-24 114 i. 3 — ii. 7 116 

xii. 26-28 loi ii. 15-18 116 

xiii. I, 5-8 105 iii 112 

xiii. I, II 115 iii. 1-27 no 

xiii. 2 138 iii. 2-19 116 

xiii. II 118 iii. 4 109 

xiii. 11-31 105 iii. 8 115 

xiv. 2-16 105 iv. 1-7 116 

xiv. 2-18 114 iv. 42, 43 117 

xiv. 21-31 97 V. 21-24 117 

XV. 8 — xvii. 20 106 vi. i-io 116 

XV. 24 112 vi. 12 116 

XV. 25 — xvi.20 107 vi. 24 — vii. 20 117 

XV. 29 114 viii. 1-15. 107 



SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 193 

PAGES. PAGES. 

viii. i6 113 xviii. 14 — xix. 37 134 

viii. 16-24 119 XX. i-ii 132 

viii. 24-29 119 XX. 5-6 133 

ix. I-I2 117 XX. II. 133 

ix — xi 120 XX. 12-19 133 

ix. 16-28 119 XX. 17 145 

X.30 124 XX. 17-18 149 

xi. 2 121 xxi 135 

xi. 12 — xii. 16 121 xxi. 10-16 146 

xi. 18 121 xxi. 19-26 136 

xii. 4-15 .-..-•w. 102 xxii — xxiii. 30 137 

xii. 17-21 121 xxii. 16-17 145 

xiii. 1-9 o. 121 xxiii. 16 138 

xiii. 9— xiv. 1 122 xxiii. 24 71 

xiii. 13 123 xxiii. 3o~xxiv. 6 140 

xiii. 14-21 117 xxiv. I 149 

xiii. 23 121 xxiv. 8-16 142 

xiv. 1-22 123 xxiv. 10-16 149 

xiv. 8-16 122 xxiv. 20 143 

xiv. 16 123 XXV. 8-21 149 

xiv. 23-29 124 XXV. 8-22 145 

xiv. 25 123 XXV. 22-2C 147 

XV. 1 123 XXV. 27 150 

XV. 1-7 124 XXV. 27-30, 142 

XV. 5 126 

XV. 8-12 » 124 I CHRONICLES vi. 28-33 83 

XV. 10-38 126 ix. 22 83 

xvi. I, 5 126 xi. 3 83 

xvi. 1-20 127 xi — xvi, 91 

xvi. 10-19 ^02 xvii — XX 92 

xvii. 1-23 129 XX. 4-8 , 95 

xvii. 6-41 130 xxi. 18-30 100 

xvii. 13-20 . 127 xxii 95 

xviii. I 132 xxii. i loo 

xviii. 1-8 130 xxii. 14 100 

xviii. II 130 xxiii — xxvii 91 

xviii, 14-16 132 xxvi • 95 



194 



OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



PAGES. 

xxvi. 28 83 

xxvii. 25-31 --- 91 

xxviii, 11-19 100 

xxviii. xxix - .... 95 

xxix. 2-6 100 

xxix. 29.... - 83 

2 CHRONICLES i. 1-13.. 96 

i. 14 98 

i. t6, 17 98 

ii. 2, 17, 18 97 

ii. 3-9 100 

ii8-i6 98 

iii. 1 100 

iii. 4, 5, 8, 10-13 loi 

iii — vii 100 

iv. 1-9. loi 

vi. 11-16 100 

iv. 19 loi 

V. 1-6 162 

V. 4-10 lOI 

vi. 1-2 - --. loi 

vii. 1-14 loi 

viii. 4 ,-.--. 98 

viii. 7, 8, 10, II 97 

viii. 17, 18 98 

ix. 1-7 97 

ix. 10, II, 31, 14. 21, 22, 

24 98 

ix. 22, 23 97, 98 

ix. 25, 26, 28 98 

ix. 29 114 

xi 104 

xi. 2 105 

xi. 2-4 114 

xii. 2-9 .0 104 

xii. 5,7> IS "4 



PAGES. 

xii* 9, II 102 

xii. 15 104,105 

xiii 104 

xiii. 32 104, 114 

xiv — xvi 106 

XV. 1-7 106, 108 

XV. 1-8 114 

xvi. i-io 107 

xvi. 7-10 108, 114 

xvii 112 

xvii. II 113 

xviii no, 112 

xviii. 7-27 115 

xix. 1-3 112, 113 

xix. 2-3 114 

XX. 2 113 

XX. 5 100 

XX. 14-17 113, 114 

XX. 34 114 

XX. 37 112, 113. 114 

xxi. 1-20 ---. 119 

xxi. 12-15 116 

xxii. 1-9 119 

xxii. II 121 

xxiii. 10-13 136 

xxiii. 17 Ill 

xxiii. ii-xxiv. 16 121 

xxiii. 21-25 136 

xxiv. 7 121 

xxiv. 17-27 121 

xxiv. 19 125 

xxiv. 21 100 

XXV 123 

XXV. 7, 15 115, 125 

XXV. 17-24 122 

xxvi 124 

xxvi. 5 125 



SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 



195 



PAGES. 

xxvi. 22, 23 135 

xxvii 126 

xxvii. 4-6 127 

xxviii 127 

xxix 102 

XXX, xxxi 131 

xxxii. 1-23 1 34 

xxxii. 31 ---• 133 

xxxiii. 1-18 102 

xxxiii 135 

xxxiv. 1-13 102 

xxxiv, 29-33 102 

xcxiv. 35 137 

XXXV. 18 83 

xxvvi. 1-8 140 

xxxvi. 6,7 149 

xxxvi. 9, 10 142 

xxxvi. 10 149 

xxxvi. 11-21 104 

xxxvi. 1-3 - 143 

xxxvi. 16 I43 

xxxvi. 17-31 145 

xxxvi. 18-20 149 

EZRAi— iii 153 

iv — vi 155 

vii — X 157 

NEHEMIAHi— xiii ic;8 

xii. 27 sq 159 

ESTHER i— X 156 

JOBii.7 133 

xvi. 18 31 

PSALMS vi 90 

vii 90 

viii 90 

xviii 90 

xxi. 90 



PAGES. 

xxii. 14.... 80 

xxiii 90 

xxvii. 4 102 

xxix. .,... 90 

xxxiv 90 

xl 90 

xliii. 1-4 102 

xliv. 1-3 64 

xliv.3... 34 

xlvi. 1-5 100 

Hi. 8. loi 

liii 80 

liv 90 

Ivi -.•...... 90 

Ivii 90 

lix 80 

Ixiii 90 

Ixxviii. 60, 67 79 

Ixxxiv loi 

Ixxxvii 154 

xcii. 12-14 loi 

xcvi. 1-13 91 

xcvii 153 

xcvii. 5 65 

xcviii. 8 65 

xcix 153 

xcix.6 79j 83 

ciii 90 

ciii. 16 33 

cv. 1-15 91 

civ 154 

cvi. 1,47,48 91 

cvii 154 

cxiv 6^ 

cxv 153 

cxviii « 1 54 

cxxvi 153 



196 



OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 



PAGES. 

cxxxii. 1-5 102 

cxxxvii Itj4 

PROVERBS xxviii. 17 32 

ISAIAH i. I 125 

^ 134 

xiii. 152 

xiv 152 

xiv. 24-27 134 

^vii- 12 33 

xviii 134 

^^^ 134 

XX. 4-6 134 

xxi. 9, 10 152 

xxii. 1-14 134 

xxvi. 21 31 

XXX. 1-7 134 

xxxiv. 5 31 

xxxvi— xxxvii. lo 134 

xxxviii 132 

xxxviii. 1-8 133 

xxxviii. 17 133 

xxxix 13^ 

xxxix. 2, 6 132 

^^ 154 

xli. 1-7 152 

Xlvi. i yg 

xlviii. 20, 21 154 

Iv. 12 65 

JEREMIAH i—x 147, 139 

iii. 18 150 

vii. 12-14 79 

vii. 31,32 136 

xiii. 18-21 142 

x^i 83 

xxi. i-io.. 142 

xxi. I — xxii. 9 14^ 

xxii 142 



PAGES. 

xxii. II, 12 140 

xxii. 18, 19 140 

xxiii. 5, 6 142 

xxiv. I 142 

xxiv 145 

xxiv. 8, 9 148 

XXV 140 

XXV. 8-38 145 

XXV. II , 149 

XXV. 12 152 

xxvi. 27 140 

xxvii. 3v 133 

xxvii. 12-22 142 

xxviii. i-ii 143 

xxviii. 4, II 152 

xxviii. 29 142 

xxix 149, 1^0 

xxix. 1-20 143 

xxix. 17.21 148 

XXX 148 

xxxii 145 

xxxii — xxxiv 142 

xxxiv. 2, 3 145 

xxxv. 36 140 

xxxvi. 2, 3 149 

xxxvi. 10 loi 

xxxvii — xxxix 142 

xxxix. 8-10 149 

xl • 140 

xl. 1 148 

xl— xliv 147 

xiii. i-ii 142 

xliv 150 

xliv. 14,27 148 

xlvi. 1-12 140 

xlvi. 10 ^ 31 

xlvii 140 

xlviii. 7 ............... 79 



SCRIPTURE TEXTS. 197 

PAGES. PAGES. 

xlix. 3 79 iv. 15 63 

1.51 152 V.I 124 

li. 59-64 143 X.6 79 

l^!-^^-^3 ^^^JOELi.2 34 

!!• ^^-^7 149 ii.,7 ^ ,0, 

111.17-^0 145 

... o ^ "-20 14 

111. 28-30 146, 149 

LAMENTATIONS ii. 19.. 80^^?^^*^ ^^^ 

^ u. 7 124 

EZEKIEL iii 149 iii. 9, 12 124 

viii 150 iv. 1-8 124 

iXo3.. 31 V. 27 124 

X. 18 31 vii. 17 , 124 

"h^4-"5- ^49micAH iii. 12 145 

xu. 21-28 14Q ^-^ 

IV. 10 109 

xiii 150 . ^ ^ 

-^ VI. 16 108 

xiv 14Q 

vii. 13 -.145 

xvii — XX , 149 ^-^ 

XX. 20-22 149NAHUM i— iii 137 

xxvii. 7-15 362EPHANIAH i. 2-6 .. .. 145 

^^^"^•H 31 i_iii 137 

XXXI11.34 149 -'^ j2 31 

xxxvi 147 

xxxviii. 2-6 36ZECHARIAH vii ISO 

xl. 45, 46 loi ^-^ 71 

xl — xlvi 100 

^!":.^"^ ^°' NEW TESTAMENT. 

xlvii, i8 14 

DANIELi MATTHEWi.s 64 

i. 16-21 151 "V 38 133 

XVI. I I^^ 

1. 19-21 150 -^^ 

ii 149,151 MARK xxviii. 5 94 

ii. 46-49 150 

xi. 8 79LUKE i. 45-55, 67-79 ^o 

ii. 36 80 

^OSEAi.i 125 i,/ ^ „ 

iii. 4 71 

iv. 13 124ACTS ii. 5 34 



198 OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 

PAGES. PAGES. 

ROMANS L 8 34 JAMES ii. 5 64 

iii. 25 56 V. 17 115 

I COR. i. 30 56 

2COR.xi.3 3o2PETERii.5 34 

HEBREWS vii. Ill 41 REVELATIONS xii. 9... 35 

^^•22 loi ^^^ 3Q 

xi. 31 64 



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